GRE Math—also known as GRE Quantitative Reasoning—is NOT a test of advanced math. In fact, you don’t need to remember all the geometry proofs, calculus, and trigonometry that you learned back in high school. (Phew! That certainly makes GRE Math prep easier.)
The difficulty of GRE Math comes from the need to logically reason your way through each problem. Once you figure out what the question is asking (often easier said than done), the math involved in solving the problem is actually fairly basic. Let’s take a look at how to study for GRE Math and the tools you’ll need to do for an efficient GRE Math review, including some sample GRE Math practice problems.
Table of Contents
- GRE Math Section Structure
- GRE Math Section Topics
- GRE Math Question Types (with Examples)
- Pacing on the Quantitative Reasoning Section
- Free GRE Math Prep Resources
- GRE Math Assumptions
- Calculator
- How to Study for GRE Math
- Check Your Answers to the GRE Math Practice Problems!
GRE Math Section Structure
There are two separate sections of GRE Math on the exam. The exact number of each question type varies, so these are approximations:
| Section 1 | Section 2 | Combined Totals | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time | 21 minutes | 26 minutes | 47 minutes |
| Total Questions | 12 questions | 15 questions | 27 questions |
| Quant. Comparison | ~4 | ~5 | ~9 |
| Multiple Choice | ~5 | ~7 | ~12 |
| Multiple Answer | ~1 | ~2 | ~3 |
| Numeric Entry | ~1 | ~2 | ~3 |
Note that at least 3 of the questions on the exam will belong to the same Data Interpretation set (for example, they all ask about a given line graph).
GRE Math Section Topics
Most of GRE Math appears in word-problem format. The rest appears in purely mathematical form. In most cases, the mathematical concepts and abilities tested fall into three main categories:
In short, the type of math that shows up on the GRE is the stuff you most likely learned as a high school sophomore or junior. Sure, you may have forgotten much—if not all—of this information. To give you a little refresher: basic properties of shapes (circles, quadrilaterals, etc.), integer properties, exponents, word problems (this includes rate questions and probability). Really, not much beyond that.
For a full list of what comprises each of these categories, check out ETS’s article entitled Overview of the Quantitative Reasoning Section.
GRE Math Question Types (with Examples)
As far as the question types that show up on GRE Math, there are four main ones, along with a special fifth case:
1) Quantitative Comparison
You’ll be given two values: Column A and Column B. Your goal is to determine the relationship between the two.
When Car S covered a distance of D on a track, it covered 25% more distance than Car T had covered on the same track.
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| The distance covered by Car T | 0.80D |
2) Multiple-Choice
The standard multiple-choice format with five answer choices.
The price of a pair of sneakers was $80 for the last six months of last year. On January first, the price increased 20%. After the price increase, an employee bought these sneakers with a 10% employee discount. What price did the employee pay?
3) Multiple-Answer
Similar to Multiple Choice except that you can select one or more answers.
Both P and Q are positive numbers, and S is a negative number. Which of the following fractions could be undefined?
4) Numeric Entry
Instead of five answer choices to guide you, you’ll type your answer into a box.
If \(\left(\dfrac{2^{-n}}{3}\right)\left(\dfrac{3^{-n}}{2}\right) = \dfrac{1}{36}\), what is the value of n?
5) Data Interpretation
Some of the GRE Math questions appear on their own, independent of other information. Others appear as a set of questions called a “Data Interpretation” set. Data Interpretation questions are all based on the same set of data presented in tables, graphs, or some other sort of display. And though they’re frequently Multiple Choice questions, you’ll also sometimes encounter Numeric Entry or Multiple Answer in a DI set.
Here’s an example of how data interpretation can show up on GRE math:
Pacing on the Quantitative Reasoning Section
In total, the GRE asks you to do 27 questions in 47 minutes. That works out to a pace of about 1.75 minutes per question. Some questions will take less than that and others more, but that’s a good target to aim for as you’re working through them.
Keep in mind that there’s no penalty for guessing on GRE Math. So, if you’re spending too much time on a given question, guess and move on. You can always return to the question later on to tackle it again.
Free GRE Math Prep Resources
More GRE Math Practice
- 15 GRE Math Practice Questions with Explanations (All question types)
- Quantitative Comparison Practice
- Problem Solving Question Types
- GRE Math Diagnostic Quiz
- Full-Length GRE Practice Test
Math-Focused Study Schedules
GRE Math Formulas
GRE Math Assumptions
Math on the GRE follows the basic number conventions that you learned in high school. For example:
- The positive direction of a number line is to the right and the negative direction is to the left.
- Distances are nonnegative.
- Prime numbers are greater than 1.
If you’re curious about all the math assumptions used on the GRE, see ETS’s Math Conventions for the GRE Quantitative Reasoning Section pdf. This isn’t essential for your GRE Math prep, but it can give you some insights into how the exam works.
Calculator
Can you use a calculator on the GRE? Yes, but it looks something like this:
The calculator has its uses, but don’t neglect estimation and quick mental math since those may save you some time (and are good practices to include in your GRE Math prep!). Also, you do get scratch paper to work on during the exam.
How to Study for GRE Math
So you’ve bought a few of the major GRE prep books, and you’re ready to rip into the quantitative part. You’ll read through each book, page by page, and by the end, GRE math mastery will be yours. If only!
Studying for GRE quant is actually much more complicated than the above. Indeed many become quickly stymied by such an approach, feeling that after hundreds of pages and tens of hours they’ve learned very little, and asking themselves, “How can I ever learn math?”
To avoid such a thing befalling you, keep in mind the following important points on how to study for the GRE Quantitative Reasoning section.
Be Careful Using Formulas
How can formulas be bad, you may ask? Aren’t they the lifeblood of GRE Math? Actually, formulas are only helpful to a point. And they definitely aren’t the lifeblood of the Quantitative Reasoning section. That would be problem-solving skills.
Many students feel that all they have to do is use the formulas and they can solve a question. The reality is you must first decipher what the question is asking. Only at the very end, once you know how the different parts come together, can you “set up” the question for a formula.
All too often many students let the formulas do the thinking. By that I mean they see a word problem—say a distance/rate question, and instead of deconstructing the problem, they instantly come up with distance = rate x time and start plugging in parts of the question. In other words, they expect the question to fall neatly into the formula.
If you find yourself stuck in a problem with only a formula or two in hand, remember that the essence of problem solving is just that: solving the problem using logic, so you can use the formula when appropriate.
Start Slowly with GRE Math, Then Build from There
Many students learn some basic concepts and feel that they have the hang of it. As soon as they are thrown into a random fray of questions, they become discombobulated, uncertain of exactly what problem type they are dealing with.
Basic problems are an excellent way to begin studying. This phase, however, represents the “training wheels.”
Actually riding a bike, much like successfully answering a potpourri of questions, hinges on doing GRE Math practice sessions that take you out of your comfort zone. In other words, you should try a few practice questions chosen at random in your math review. Even if you haven’t seen the concept before, you’ll get a feel for working through a question will limited information.
Oftentimes students balk at this advice, saying, “but I haven’t learned how to X, Y, or Z yet.” The reality is that students can actually solve many problems based on what they already know. However, because the GRE “cloaks” its questions, many familiar concepts are disguised in a welter of verbiage or other such obfuscation.
Study All Concept Areas
Some students become obsessed with a certain question type, at the expense of ignoring equally important concepts. For instance, some students begin to focus only on algebra, forgetting geometry, rates, counting, and many of the other important concepts.
This “tunnel vision” is dangerous; much as the “training wheels” phase lulls you into a false sense of complacency, only doing a certain problem type atrophies the part of your math brain responsible for being able to identify the type of question and the steps necessary to solve it.
Focus on the Most Commonly Tested Areas
This is a subset of “tunnel vision.” Ultimately, it is a more acute case. To illustrate, some students will spend an inordinate amount of time learning permutations and combinations, which might show up once or twice (or not at all!). Study time is always better spent on more heavily-tested content areas, such as number properties and geometry.
Check Your Answers to the GRE Math Practice Problems!
Quantitative Comparison
Answer: C. The two quantities are equal
Watch the video explanation here!
Multiple Choice
Answer: $86.40
Watch the video explanation here!
Multiple Answer
Answer:
Watch the video explanation here!
Numeric Entry
Answer: 1
Watch the video explanation here!
Closing Thoughts
In a nutshell, that’s everything you need to know about how to study for the GRE Quantitative Reasoning section! Keep in mind that you’ll want the strongest GRE Math prep materials possible. We recommend taking a look at a Magoosh GRE Premium plan. As you prepare for the exam, remember to take practice tests, focus on the most commonly tested areas (but study ALL areas), pace yourself, start slow and build from there. This will help get you where you want to be on test day to get the GRE scores you want and get into the graduate schools of your dreams. Good luck and happy studying!
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