How Hard is the GRE?

A pencil signpost for how hard the GRE is, with hard and easy labels

The general consensus is that the GRE is harder than the high school exams but easier than the other graduate exams. In other words, the GRE is harder than the SAT and ACT but less challenging than the GMAT, LSAT, and MCAT.

However, difficulty is subjective, so the most relevant answer depends highly on you! There are all kinds of factors to consider. For example:

  • How long has it been since you’ve studied math?
  • How much reading do you do?
  • What schools are you aiming for?
  • How well do you handle the pressure of standardized tests?

So, let’s look at some different comparisons so that you can better gauge how hard the GRE will be for you.

Table of Contents

Comparing the GRE’s Structure to Other Exams

Length

At just under 2 hours long, the GRE is the shortest of the main standardized tests. This makes the GRE easier in the sense that it’s less of an endurance battle. As with all standardized tests, you’ll still need to practice your pacing and build up your stamina. But at least you won’t have to endure the exam for 7 hours like the MCAT!

One important thing to keep in mind is that the GRE has no scheduled breaks. Many tests tend to either have optional (like the GMAT Focus) or forced breaks (like the SAT) between certain sections. The GRE, however, continues on from each section to the next until the very end.

Number of Questions

However, the GRE’s shorter test time means fewer questions, which creates challenges: missing just a few questions can have a larger impact on your final score.

The GRE has 54 total questions (27 math and 27 verbal), along with 1 essay to write.

  • That’s 10 fewer than the GMAT Focus (64 questions)
  • Almost 50 less than the Digital SAT (98 questions)
  • Almost 50 less than the LSAT (typically 100 questions)
  • And 100 less than the old Paper SAT, which had 154 questions

Time Per Question

The number of questions isn’t the whole picture. Rather, the average time allotted per question tells us more. In particular, it gives you an idea of how difficult the test makers think their own questions are.

Exam Math Verbal
Digital SAT 1.59 min / question 1.18 min / question
GRE 1.75 min / question 1.50 min / question
GMAT Focus 2.15 min / question 1.96 min / question

Notice how the Digital SAT provides much less time per question. This is because its questions are generally more straightforward. The SAT may give you a shorter reading passage to unpack or a math equation that’s already much closer to being solved.

Contrast this with the harder GMAT Focus, which gives you nearly 2 (or more!) minutes per question. The GMAT’s Critical Reasoning questions can be much more challenging to process, and its math problems can require much more analytical thinking.

Section Adaptivity

The GRE is section adaptive. This means that, for example, how well you perform on the first math section dictates how difficult the second math section will be. So, if you do well on the first section, you’re going to see tougher questions on the second. (But that’s a good thing! That means you have a chance at a higher score.)

However, that section adaptivity is a very different experience from the old Paper SAT which couldn’t adjust to your performance. All those Paper SAT questions were predetermined ahead of time from the start. (Note: The newer Digital SAT is also section adaptive, so it’s similar to the GRE now.)

The GMAT is different because it’s what is known as “question adaptive.” This means that within a single section, your earlier performance determines each next question that you’ll see. If you’re doing very well, the GMAT is going to keep giving you more and more difficult questions each time.

Comparing Test Content

Math: Topics You’ve Seen Before…

The GRE math section may make you nervous if you haven’t dealt with numbers in a while. However, the good news is that it doesn’t test very advanced math. In fact, the range of topics is less than what’s on the high school exams.

Most of the math—and certainly what most commonly appears—on the GRE was covered in high school up through an Algebra II class. This means you’ll be tested on things like algebraic equations, geometry, quadratic equations, and basic statistics. However, more complicated subjects that you may have encountered in high school like trigonometry or calculus are NOT tested.

Math: …But Unique Question Types

Around half of your math questions will be the tried-and-true Multiple Choice format you’ve seen your whole life. You will also see an occasional Numeric Entry (think fill-in-the-blank) question where you have to directly supply the answer. All of this is quite similar to the question formats seen on the SAT.

However, one third of the math portion is a unique question type called Quantitative Comparison. The basic idea is that you’re given two quantities (or more likely, expressions), and you’ll need to determine if one is bigger than the other, equivalent, or impossible to say due to sufficient information.

If you’ve never practiced this question type before, it can be perplexing. But once you familiarize yourself with the strategies needed to approach this question type, it becomes more doable.

Verbal: Standard Reading Comprehension…

Around 40% of the questions on the Verbal section will be in a format that you’re used to. There’s a passage you have to read, and then there’s a multiple choice question that generally involves identifying a detail, purpose, or inference from the passage. Pretty much all of the main standardized tests have various flavors of this question type.

GRE passages range from a couple to several paragraphs in length, so they’re longer than what you’ll encounter in the Digital SAT. However, they’re often much shorter than the long passages found on the LSAT, which often ask around 7 questions per passage.

With that said, GRE Reading Comprehension can definitely be tricky if you’re not used to reading graduate-level passages (such as those in The New York Times or Scientific American). These passages will often be more advanced than what you’ve seen on the SAT. Thus, it’s good to develop a steady diet of reading those kinds of passages now rather than later.

Verbal: …But Multitudinous Vocabulary Words

Multi-what-now? The most difficult aspect of the GRE is arguably that it tests you on advanced and unfamiliar vocabulary words. These sometimes show up in the Reading Comprehension passages, but they definitely show up in the Text Completion and Sentence Equivalence question types. Those question types involve filling in missing words in a sentence or paragraph to create a complete and coherent meaning.

If you’re not a native speaker of English, advanced vocabulary can be especially taxing. And even if you’re a native speaker, you’re probably not using these words in your everyday life. So, in addition to a steady diet of reading, familiarizing yourself with high-frequency vocabulary words is another important thing to start studying early.

Writing: Standard Essay and Separate from Total Score

The Issue Task is an essay that’s similar to the kind of writing you’ve done in high school. You’ll need to analyze a situation, form a thesis, and then provide support for your position. And you’ll want to write in a clear, organized manner.

It’s important to note that this essay is graded separately and doesn’t factor into your overall score. As a result, this essay tends not to be as crucial to your application (though, it depends on your field of study).

How Competitive is the GRE Test?

Knowing what score you need to achieve will greatly influence your perception of the test. Check out our article GRE Score Percentiles – What Does Your Score Mean for You? for all the details. Of course, it depends what schools you’re aiming for as well as your field of study. But suffice it to say that, at a minimum, you’ll want to target being above the 50th or, even better, the 60th percentile. That typically means you’re aiming for around a 155 in Verbal and in Math, yielding a total score between 306 and 310.

What does it take to score higher than 50% or 60% of GRE test takers? One of the best ways to find out is to take a free GRE practice test. Not only will that give you a feel for how difficult the GRE is, but it will also give you a good benchmark for where you currently stand. You’ll also get an idea of your strengths and weaknesses and how much you need to work on.

Now, we just talked about what a good score is in general. But if you’re aiming for a top university, the competition is more intense, and you’ll want an even higher score.

A More Detailed Comparison of Exams with Sample Questions

GRE Sample Questions

Before we dive into the other exams, here are the sample GRE questions that we’ll use to make comparisons:

  • Quantitative Comparison example question: this question type is unique, and this particular example requires some careful reasoning to think through all the possibilities.
  • Reading Comprehension example question: though the GRE does have standard multiple choice questions, this is another example of an unusual format. This is also an example of a Short Passage. Be aware that there are longer passages that are doubled or triple this length.
  • Text Completion example question: this is another unique question type. Also, this particular example has two blanks in the paragraph, but it can be anywhere from one to three blanks.

GRE vs Paper SAT

Category GRE Paper SAT
Difficulty Consensus Harder Easier
Total Time 2 hours 3 hours
Total Questions 54 (27 Math, 27 Verbal) 154 (58 Math, 96 Verbal)
Math: Subjects Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Statistics Same plus Trigonometry
Math: Time Per Question 1.75 min 1.38 min
Verbal: Passage Length Fill-in-Blank: 20 to 80 words
Reading: 100 to 500 words
400 to 750 words
Verbal: Time Per Question 1.50 min 1.25 min
Writing Section 1 Essay (30 min) 1 Optional Essay (50 min)
Unique Question Types Quantitative Comparison, Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence None
Special Trait Emphasis on vocabulary Separate calculator-allowed and no-calculator math questions

If you took the SAT before it became the Digital SAT, then this is the section for you. If not, jump down to the next section.

Why was the Paper SAT considered an easier test? Though it was a longer test with more questions, those questions were typically not considered as difficult since they didn’t require as much critical reasoning.

Here’s a Paper SAT math question as an example. As long as you’re familiar with the algebraic concepts, this problem can be solved rather mechanically. Contrast that with the GRE QC example from earlier that requires a lot more reasoning. This isn’t to say that the SAT never requires you to apply critical thinking. It’s just that the GRE tests you a lot more on it.

As for verbal, here’s a Paper SAT Reading Comprehension question. A few key differences stand out. It’s a fiction passage, which you won’t see on the GRE. It’s also much longer in length than any passage you’ll see on the GRE. As for the question itself, it’s more of a check on what you read. In the GRE RC example from earlier, that’s testing how you read through complicated sentence structures and unpacked the author’s ideas. (Again, that’s not to say that the SAT never tests how you read; it’s just that the GRE is much more interested in that.)

GRE vs Digital SAT

Category GRE Digital SAT
Difficulty Consensus Harder Easier
Total Time 2 hours 2 hours and 15 minutes
Total Questions 54 (27 Math, 27 Verbal) 98 (44 Math, 54 Verbal)
Math: Subjects Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Statistics Same plus Trigonometry
Math: Time Per Question 1.75 min 1.59 min
Verbal: Passage Length Fill-in-Blank: 20 to 80 words
Reading: 100 to 500 words
25 to 150 words
Verbal: Time Per Question 1.50 min 1.19 min
Writing Section 1 Essay (30 min) SAT School Day only: 1 Essay (50 min)
Unique Question Types Quantitative Comparison, Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence Rhetorical Synthesis
Special Trait Emphasis on vocabulary Section adaptive

It’s a similar story here: the Digital SAT is less difficult than the GRE. The overhaul of the SAT includes new question types and features (including section adaptivity, just like the GRE). But these new questions are still more straightforward than what’s on the GRE.

This Digital SAT math question example is actually the same as the Paper SAT math example, so the earlier discussion still applies. In brief, the GRE QC example requires you to reason through a lot more possibilities vs. just solving rotely.

Verbal questions have changed a lot in the new format, so here’s a Digital SAT Reading Comprehension example. On the Digital SAT, there are many new verbal question types, and a lot of them are more concerned with how you read. But notice how this passage is much simpler in its structure than the GRE RC example from earlier. The GRE passage interjects a lot of different ideas into the discussion through more complicated sentence structures. Its vocabulary level is also higher. In short, the GRE passage requires more thought and analysis to arrive at the correct answer.

GRE vs ACT

Category GRE ACT
Difficulty Consensus Harder Easier
Total Time 2 hours 2 hours and 55 minutes
Total Questions 54 (27 Math, 27 Verbal) 215 (60 Math, 80 “Verbal”, 75 English)
Math: Subjects Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Statistics Same plus Trigonometry
Math: Time Per Question 1.75 min 1.00 min
Verbal: Passage Length Fill-in-Blank: 20 to 80 words
Reading: 100 to 500 words
~850 words
Verbal: Time Per Question 1.50 min 1.14 min
Writing Section 1 Essay (30 min) 1 Optional Essay (40 min)
Unique Question Types Quantitative Comparison, Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence English (Grammar), Science (Scientific Reasoning)
Special Trait Emphasis on vocabulary Tests quick decision making

The typical opinion—though it’s of course subjective—is that, yes, the ACT is less challenging than the GRE. And it really boils down to the amount of critical thinking required. The GRE asks more complicated questions that are harder to parse whereas the ACT is more about testing quick decision making. (You barely get more than a minute per question on the ACT!)

In terms of math, the ACT—like the SAT—tests a wider variety of topics. However, the questions it asks are generally more straightforward. Here’s an example ACT math question where, if you know the algebra, you can jump right into simplifying the equation. Contrast this with the GRE QC example from earlier where the GRE is really testing your thought process as opposed to algebraic skills.

As far as Verbal, the Reading section of the ACT is the closest match. Here’s an example of an ACT Reading passage. As with the Paper SAT, this passage is much longer than what’s encountered on the GRE. The ACT also asks a lot of questions about each passage in a short amount of time. Because of this, its questions tend to be more to the point than what’s on the GRE. And though the ACT will test vocabulary, it doesn’t have specific question types devoted to it like the GRE does.

Though the GRE doesn’t directly test grammar like the ACT’s English section, having a solid grasp of grammar is still helpful. It can help you navigate tricky sentence structures on Text Completion questions. And though the GRE doesn’t directly test scientific reasoning like the ACT’s Science section, the ability to read graphs is very important for Data Interpretation questions.

GRE vs GMAT

Category GRE GMAT
Difficulty Consensus Easier Harder
Total Time 2 hours 2 hours and 15 minutes
Total Questions 54 (27 Math, 27 Verbal) 64 (20 Data Insights, 21 Math, 23 Verbal)
Math: Subjects Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Statistics Same except no Geometry
Math: Time Per Question 1.75 min 2.15 min
Verbal: Passage Length Fill-in-Blank: 20 to 80 words
Reading: 100 to 500 words
100 to 500 words
Verbal: Time Per Question 1.50 min 1.96 min
Writing Section 1 Essay (30 min) None
Unique Question Types Quantitative Comparison, Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence Data Sufficiency, Multi-Source Reasoning, Two-Part Analysis
Special Trait Emphasis on vocabulary Question adaptive

It depends who you ask, but the majority will likely say that the GMAT is the tougher test. A large part of this is due to the fact that the GMAT is question adaptive (vs. the GRE’s section adaptivity). The more questions you answer right on the GMAT, the more formidable they become as you proceed through a section.

Additionally, and on par with the GRE, the GMAT has a lot of unique question types. These are concentrated in its Data Insights section, which includes a format known as Data Sufficiency. Here’s a sample GMAT Data Sufficiency question. It takes the critical thinking required in the earlier GRE QC example to a whole new level.

As far as traditional math questions, the GMAT is pretty similar. One important thing to note is that, unlike the GRE, the GMAT does not test geometry concepts. So, if you’re weak in geometry, that may make GMAT’s math section more appealing to you.

Verbal is where the comparison gets trickier. The Reading Comprehension questions on both exams are comparable. However, GMAT will throw a lot more Critical Reasoning (also called Paragraph Arguments) questions at you. Here’s an example of a GMAT Critical Reasoning question. So, if you struggle with that question type, the GRE is more likely to be your friend than the GMAT.

With that said, the GRE places a heavy emphasis on vocabulary in its Text Completion (see earlier example) and Sentence Equivalence question types. The GMAT will occasionally test vocabulary in Reading Comprehension, but to a much lesser degree. So, if vocabulary is a weakness for you, then the GRE may cause you some trepidation.

For an even more in-depth look at the GRE vs the GMAT across all aspects, check out the article GMAT vs. GRE: How Are They Different?

GRE vs LSAT

Category GRE LSAT
Difficulty Consensus Easier Harder
Total Time 2 hours 2 hours and 20 minutes
Total Questions 54 (27 Math, 27 Verbal) ~100 (100 Verbal)
Math: Subjects Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Statistics None
Math: Time Per Question 1.75 min
Verbal: Passage Length Fill-in-Blank: 20 to 80 words
Reading: 100 to 500 words
Logical Reasoning: ~50 to 100 words
Reading: ~450 words
Verbal: Time Per Question 1.50 min 1.40 min
Writing Section 1 Essay (30 min) 1 Essay (50 min) but taken separately
Unique Question Types Quantitative Comparison, Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence None
Special Trait Emphasis on vocabulary Verbal only

There’s not a great answer here since the two exams are quite different. In terms of Verbal, the LSAT is more demanding. For math, the opposite is true, but that’s kind of cheating because the LSAT doesn’t have any math!

For Verbal, the LSAT is full of dense and complex reading passages, all of which ask you around 7 questions each. The volume of questions alone makes it more grueling. Additionally, the LSAT has at least two full sections of Logical Reasoning, which is what is called Critical Reasoning (or Paragraph Arguments) on the GRE. So, if you really don’t like that question type, you should consider taking the GRE instead. For examples of both RC and LR question types, see this article.

The GRE is probably sounding more appealing at this point! However, keep in mind that the LSAT doesn’t test vocabulary, whereas the GRE has multiple question types devoted to it.

For an even more in-depth discussion, see the article LSAT vs. GRE Difficulty: Which Test Presents a Greater Challenge?

GRE vs MCAT

Category GRE MCAT
Difficulty Consensus Easier Harder
Total Time 2 hours 6 hours and 15 minutes
Total Questions 54 (27 Math, 27 Verbal) 230
Math: Subjects Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Statistics No math section but some questions may require math
Math: Time Per Question 1.75 min
Verbal: Passage Length Fill-in-Blank: 20 to 80 words
Reading: 100 to 500 words
500 to 600 words
Verbal: Time Per Question 1.50 min 1.6 to 1.7 min
Writing Section 1 Essay (30 min) None
Unique Question Types Quantitative Comparison, Text Completion, Sentence Equivalence Science questions
Special Trait Emphasis on vocabulary It’s like running a marathon and then running some more

There’s a clear “winner” here in terms of difficulty. The MCAT is quite the ordeal, clocking in at over 7 hours with breaks included. You could take 3 GREs in a row, and yet someone else would still be taking the MCAT!

The MCAT, of course, tests all kinds of science knowledge, from biology to chemistry to psychology. So, if you’re taking the MCAT, be prepared to study a lot of different topics. And be prepared to study for a long time. If you’re curious about sample MCAT questions, you can find those here.

How Can I Improve My GRE Score?

Only you as an individual can truly answer the question “How hard is the GRE?” But whether the GRE seems daunting to you or not too bad, Magoosh is here to help! Consider a Magoosh GRE Premium Plan if you want to master the content of and the strategies for the exam. Magoosh has all the lessons and practice questions you need to achieve a high score and get into your ideal school.

Author

  • Linnea Newman

    After graduating from CU Boulder with degrees in Literature and Women’s Studies, Linnea Newman stumbled into the world of test prep and never looked back. Over the last 15 years, Linnea has worked with students of all ages and abilities in the U.S. and abroad, trained new teachers for the classroom, and written curricula for various test types. Her past experience includes tutoring for GRE, ACT, SAT, LSAT, and GMAT for The Princeton Review and working as the Director of Instruction Management for The Princeton Review Taipei. Her expertise runs the gamut of standardized tests, but there’s a special place in her heart for the verbal and essay components. Looking for a way to help more students, especially those who were unable to afford access to expensive test prep programs, Linnea joined Magoosh in 2019. She is a member of the Content & Instruction Team, who connects with students as an instructor for live classes, a blog contributor, and through various lessons and other content on the Magoosh platform.

More from Magoosh