{"id":3954,"date":"2016-09-20T10:00:11","date_gmt":"2016-09-20T17:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/?p=3954"},"modified":"2016-09-20T10:08:10","modified_gmt":"2016-09-20T17:08:10","slug":"disagreement-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/disagreement-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"TOEFL Tuesday: Disagreement Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The TOEFL Integrated Essay will ask you to compare information from a passage with information from a lecture. In many cases, the professor who gives the lecture will disagree with some of the information that\u2019s presented in the passage. When this happens, you need to mention it in your essay. In this TOEFL Tuesday video, I explain some useful disagreement verbs that you can use when you\u2019re writing the Integrated Essay. By using these verbs, you can show the graders that you have a strong command of the English language.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"TOEFL Tuesday: Vocabulary - Disagreement Verbs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/C38IywuYaww?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><b>(to) Undermine<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To undermine something means to show that something is not true, or that something is being weakened. We usually use this word to refer to weakening an idea or a theory &#8211; especially when the weakening takes place slowly over time. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, North America was first populated many thousand years ago, and there are different theories about where those people came from. Some scientists believe that these people came from North East Asia, while others think that they came from closer to India. So there is disagreement about where the first inhabitants of North America came from. We could use the word \u201cundermine\u201d like this: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first accepted theory was that the first inhabitants of North America came from North East Asia. However, the results from DNA testing on old bones have slowly<\/span><\/i><b><i> undermined<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> this theory. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>(to) Refute<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cRefute\u201d is a much stronger word than \u201cundermine.\u201d \u201cRefute\u201d means to prove that something is wrong, or to completely disprove it. So if a theory is refuted, it becomes clear that it is not true at all. For example, we could say: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New evidence has <\/span><\/i><b><i>refuted<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the old theory that the first inhabitants of North America arrived by crossing the land bridge between Russia and Alaska. <\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This sentence tells us that new evidence has shown that the old theory is definitely not true. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>(to) Counter<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, we have the word \u201cto counter.\u201d This word is usually used to describe something that happens in an argument or a debate. One person might say that A is true, and the second person might respond by stating that A is not true, and that B is true instead. If the second person uses logic to support her argument, she is <\/span><b>countering<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the first person\u2019s statement. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best way to explain this word is by using an example. Let\u2019s say that the text you\u2019re given for the Integrated Essay provides support for the old theory of how North America was populated (people crossed the land bridge between Russia and Alaska). However, in the lecture, the professor disagrees with this by saying that the climate so far north was too cold for people to make the journey across the land bridge. In that case, we could say: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The professor counters the arguments in the passage by pointing out that the climate so far north was too cold for people to make such a long journey.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The TOEFL Integrated Essay will ask you to compare information from a passage with information from a lecture. In many cases, the professor who gives the lecture will disagree with some of the information that\u2019s presented in the passage. When this happens, you need to mention it in your essay. In this TOEFL Tuesday video, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13604],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13628],"class_list":["post-3954","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vocab"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>TOEFL Tuesday: Disagreement Verbs - Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/disagreement-verbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TOEFL Tuesday: Disagreement Verbs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The TOEFL Integrated Essay will ask you to compare information from a passage with information from a lecture. 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