{"id":2914,"date":"2016-03-08T11:47:15","date_gmt":"2016-03-08T19:47:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/?p=2914"},"modified":"2020-12-10T13:44:00","modified_gmt":"2020-12-10T21:44:00","slug":"punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/","title":{"rendered":"Punctuation in English Academic Writing, Part 4: Ellipsis and Asterisk"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This is the fourth and final post in the Magoosh TOEFL Blog\u2019s overview of punctuation in formal, academic written English. The previous posts are linked below:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-1-period-comma-colon-and-semicolon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Part 1: Period, Comma, Colon, and Semicolon<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-2-parentheses-and-quotation-marks\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Part 2: Parentheses and Quotation Marks<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-3-apostrophe-exclamation-point-and-question-mark\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Part 3: Apostrophe, Exclamation Point, and Question Mark<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this final post, we\u2019re going to look at two forms of punctuation that are less common, but very important in advanced\/graduate level academic writing: ellipsis and asterisk.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ellipsis<br \/>\n<\/strong>The form and use of ellipsis isn\u2019t often taught in college writing courses, but this kind of punctuation is very important in scholarly works. The ellipsis is three periods in a row (\u2026).It\u2019s used in quotations from sources that have been <em>abridged<\/em>. By this, I mean that quotations containing the ellipsis have had some of the original wording removed. This is usually done to get rid of irrelevant or redundant information so that readers can just focus on the most relevant words from an external source.To look at how this works, let\u2019s revisit my quotation about the period and its alternate name, \u201cdot.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>Original sentences: <\/em>When used in Web or email addresses, the period is called a \u201cdot.\u201d That\u2019s why web-based businesses are sometimes called \u201cdot coms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Shortened quotation with use of ellipsis:<\/em> According to Magoosh.com, the period has a different name in Internet contexts. Magoosh states that the period can be \u201c\u2026called a dot\u2026. web-based businesses are\u2026 called \u2018dot coms.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">When an ellipsis comes after an abbreviation, there may be four periods in a row\u2014one for the period at the end of the abbreviation, and three for the ellipsis itself. This can look a little strange, but it is the correct way to do things in an abridged scholarly quotation.<\/p>\n<p>For an example of this, let\u2019s abridge a quotation from <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelaw.wustl.edu\/blog\/differences-between-us-and-uk-legal-systems\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the website<\/a> of the School of Law at the Washington University in St. Louis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>Original sentence:<\/em><br \/>\nMuch like the main subdivisions of the U.K. (i.e. England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland), the states of the U.S. have their own laws, court systems, and bar associations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>Abbreviated quotation with ellipsis:<\/em><br \/>\nAccording to the Washington University School of Law, \u201cMuch like the\u2026 subdivisions of the U.K\u2026.. the states of the U.S. have their own laws.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">This odd four-period construction also occurs when an ellipsis is placed at the end of a complete sentence that ends in a period, as seen below (quotation taken from a Smithsonian magazine article on robotics):<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><em>Original quotation: \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">Those innovations are part of the new trend in robot design, known simply as soft robotics. The point is to move away from machines based on stiff human-like arms and legs, and instead think \u201cboneless.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">In fact, the models for most soft robots are invertebrates\u2014insects, octopuses or squid. Thanks to advances in silicone and other bendable materials, one of these robots could, for instance, use a tentacle that unfurls and twists and is able to grasp something from different angles. Soft robots can stretch, change their shape or size\u2014in short, adapt to their environment.<\/p>\n<p><em>Abbreviated quotation with ellipsis:<\/em><br \/>\nThe Smithsonian Institute indicates that modern robotics designs draw inspiration from the animal kingdom, saying that: \u201cThose innovations are part of the new trend in robot design, known simply as soft robotics\u2026. models for most soft robots are invertebrates\u2014insects, octopuses or squid.\u201d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The asterisk<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">In formal business writing, the asterisk is sometimes used to mark <em>footnotes<\/em>, extra commentary about the source or background of information within a scholarly work. If you see an asterisk in a text, look down to the bottom of the page or to a designated footnotes section at the end of the paper and find the asterisked footnote.<\/p>\n<p>If there\u2019s a series of footnotes, a single asterisk will be used to direct readers to the first footnote*, a double asterisk will be used to direct readers to the second footnote**, three asterisks will be used to direct readers to the third footnote***, and so on.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\"><strong><u>Footnotes<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">* This is the first footnote<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">** And the second footnote I referred to is right here.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 60px;\">*** Congratulations! You found the third footnote.<\/p>\n<p>This series of posts covers all of the most common punctuation marks in academic writing. There are other forms of punctuation that sometimes appear in academic writing as well. And of course, punctuation is used a bit differently in less formal writing. We\u2019ll get to other punctuation marks and informal use of punctuation in some later posts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is the fourth and final post in the Magoosh TOEFL Blog\u2019s overview of punctuation in formal, academic written English. The previous posts are linked below: Part 1: Period, Comma, Colon, and Semicolon Part 2: Parentheses and Quotation Marks Part 3: Apostrophe, Exclamation Point, and Question Mark In this final post, we\u2019re going to look [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13603],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13630],"class_list":["post-2914","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Punctuation in English Academic Writing, Part 4: Ellipsis and Asterisk - Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Punctuation in English Academic Writing, Part 4: Ellipsis and Asterisk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is the fourth and final post in the Magoosh TOEFL Blog\u2019s overview of punctuation in formal, academic written English. 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The previous posts are linked below: Part 1: Period, Comma, Colon, and Semicolon Part 2: Parentheses and Quotation Marks Part 3: Apostrophe, Exclamation Point, and Question Mark In this final post, we\u2019re going to look [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/","og_site_name":"Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test","article_publisher":"https:\/\/facebook.com\/MagooshTOEFL","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshEnglishLearning","article_published_time":"2016-03-08T19:47:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-12-10T21:44:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":628,"url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/files\/2016\/09\/Facebook-SEO-Default.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"David Recine","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@MagooshTOEFL","twitter_site":"@MagooshTOEFL","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"David Recine","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/","name":"Punctuation in English Academic Writing, Part 4: Ellipsis and Asterisk - Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2016-03-08T19:47:15+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/#\/schema\/person\/fa2be5405a605e37f4199c90e2236768"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/punctuation-in-english-academic-writing-part-4-ellipsis-and-asterisk\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Punctuation in English Academic Writing, Part 4: Ellipsis and Asterisk"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/","name":"Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test","description":"Online TOEFL Preparation","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/#\/schema\/person\/fa2be5405a605e37f4199c90e2236768","name":"David Recine","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/de262e64bb4e3e488753d8c58ff3cc70","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b70c17ee6f3ef87dc4cc5dbdebda911d6dd30dfe15845e4b1d459a3e1b33ef98?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b70c17ee6f3ef87dc4cc5dbdebda911d6dd30dfe15845e4b1d459a3e1b33ef98?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"David Recine"},"description":"David is a Test Prep Expert for Magoosh TOEFL and IELTS. Additionally, he's helped students with TOEIC, PET, FCE, BULATS, Eiken, SAT, ACT, GRE, and GMAT. David has a BS and MA from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and an MA from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshEnglishLearning","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/david-recine\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCra3KQoJlOP7RYwaCyH2qew"],"knowsAbout":["TOEFL","IELTS","TOEIC","PET","FCE","BULATS","Eiken","SAT","ACT","GRE","GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English","Italian"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/author\/davidr\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13630,"user_id":80,"is_guest":0,"slug":"davidr","display_name":"David Recine","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b70c17ee6f3ef87dc4cc5dbdebda911d6dd30dfe15845e4b1d459a3e1b33ef98?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Recine","first_name":"David","description":"David is a Test Prep Expert for Magoosh TOEFL and IELTS. Additionally, he's helped students with TOEIC, PET, FCE, BULATS, Eiken, SAT, ACT, GRE, and GMAT.\r\n\r\nDavid has a BS from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and an MA from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. His work at Magoosh has been cited in<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C50&amp;q=Recine+magoosh&amp;btnG=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> many scholarly articles<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/minds.wisconsin.edu\/handle\/1793\/65479\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> his Master's Thesis<\/a> is featured on the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.readingwithpictures.org\/2013\/09\/research-highlight-teaching-english-language-learners-with-comics\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Reading with Pictures<\/a> website, and he's presented at the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.witesol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/2014-WITESOL-Program-FINAL-10-28-14.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> WITESOL (link to PDF)<\/a> and<a href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/interoff\/docs\/nafsaregionv_2014conference\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> NAFSA<\/a> conferences. David has taught K-12 ESL in South Korea as well as undergraduate English and MBA-level business English at American universities. He has also trained English teachers in America, Italy, and Peru.\r\n\r\nCome join David and the Magoosh team on<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCra3KQoJlOP7RYwaCyH2qew\"> Youtube<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshEnglishLearning\"> Facebook<\/a>, and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/magooshenglish\/?hl=en\"> Instagram<\/a>, or connect with him via<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/david-recine\/\"> LinkedIn<\/a>!"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2914","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/80"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2914"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2914\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2914"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}