{"id":2497,"date":"2015-12-03T11:00:17","date_gmt":"2015-12-03T19:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/?p=2497"},"modified":"2016-10-30T16:51:06","modified_gmt":"2016-10-30T23:51:06","slug":"modal-verbs-of-deduction-and-speculation-in-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/modal-verbs-of-deduction-and-speculation-in-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"Modal Verbs of Deduction and Speculation in the Past"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi again, everyone!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Today we are going to look at\u00a0<\/span>modal verbs of deduction and speculation in the past<\/b>.<\/span>
\n<\/span>These modal verbs of deduction in the past are often confusing and difficult to remember, but with a little hard work and practice, you will learn how to use them correctly!<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Firstly, it\u2019s important to remember what modal verbs are and why they are used. You can find out more about that by reading\u00a0<\/span>this post<\/span><\/a>\u00a0on the ABA English teachers\u2019 blog.<\/span><\/p>\n

Now that you\u2019ve refreshed your memory, let\u2019s take a look at how to form and use modal verbs in the past.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

When we use a modal verb to talk about a situation where we are not expressing a fact but we are using deduction, the form is\u00a0<\/span>MODAL VERB + have + past participle<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Must have + past participle<\/b><\/h2>\n

We use \u201cmust have\u201d + a past participle when we are quite sure about something or we can see the evidence of something.<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples:<\/b><\/p>\n

You\u00a0<\/span>must have gone<\/b>\u00a0to bed late; you look tired!<\/span><\/p>\n

Kevin\u00a0<\/span>must have been<\/b>\u00a0worried when he lost his car keys at the party.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Might have + past participle<\/b><\/h2>\n

We use \u201cmight have\u201d + a past participle when we are not sure about something but we think it was possible.<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples:<\/b><\/p>\n

Sarah\u00a0<\/span>might have lost<\/b>\u00a0her way; she should be here by now.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jacob and Claire\u00a0<\/span>might have arrived<\/b>\u00a0at the party already, but they haven\u2019t called me so I\u2019m not sure.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Could have + past participle<\/b><\/h2>\n

We use \u201ccould have\u201d + a past participle to indicate that someone had the ability or chance to do something \u00a0but did not do it. For example,<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples:<\/b><\/p>\n

You\u00a0<\/span>could have gone<\/b>\u00a0to university but you decided to work instead.<\/span><\/p>\n

I didn\u2019t know my parents would be asleep when I got home. I\u00a0<\/span>could have stayed<\/b>\u00a0out longer!<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/h2>\n

Should have + past participle<\/b><\/h2>\n

We use \u201cshould have\u201d + a past participle to express regret or to tell someone off.<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples:<\/b><\/p>\n

You\u00a0<\/span>should have studied<\/b>\u00a0more! If you had, you would have passed your exam.<\/span><\/p>\n

I\u00a0<\/span>shouldn\u2019t have gone<\/b>\u00a0out last night; now I\u2019m too tired to study.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

****<\/em><\/p>\n

Author Bio: This post was written by Brandon, a teacher from<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>ABA English<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>ABA English\u2013the American & British Academy\u2013is an online academy specializing in teaching English with a unique learning methodology based on the principles of natural learning methods.\u00a0ABA English teaches you English through short films that take place in real-life situations\u00a0with\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/i>144 free video classes<\/i><\/b>.\u00a0Go to<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>ABA English<\/span><\/i><\/a>\u00a0and start improving your English with your free 144 video classes.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi again, everyone!   Today we are going to look at\u00a0modal verbs of deduction and speculation in the past. These modal verbs of deduction in the past are often confusing and difficult to remember, but with a little hard work and practice, you will learn how to use them correctly!   Firstly, it\u2019s important to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13603],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13636],"class_list":["post-2497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nModal Verbs of Deduction and Speculation in the Past - Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/modal-verbs-of-deduction-and-speculation-in-the-past\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modal Verbs of Deduction and Speculation in the Past\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi again, everyone!   Today we are going to look at\u00a0modal verbs of deduction and speculation in the past. 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