{"id":1165,"date":"2026-03-12T13:30:45","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:30:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/?p=1165"},"modified":"2026-03-12T13:30:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T20:30:33","slug":"using-would-could-and-should-in-conditionals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/using-would-could-and-should-in-conditionals\/","title":{"rendered":"Using \u201cWould,\u201d \u201cCould,\u201d and \u201cShould\u201d in Conditionals"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n  @media (max-width: 768px) {\n    .table-responsive {\n      display: block;\n      width: calc(100vw - 50px);\n      max-width: calc(100vw - 50px);\n      overflow-x: auto;\n      -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n      margin-left: auto;\n      margin-right: auto;\n    }\n    .table-responsive table {\n      min-width: 500px;\n    }\n  }\n  <\/style>\n<p>Three small words\u2014<em>could<\/em>, <em>should<\/em>, and <em>would<\/em>\u2014trip up even advanced English learners. They all look similar, and all three appear in conditional sentences. So how do you know which one to use?<\/p>\n<p>The short answer: each word expresses a different kind of meaning. <strong>Could<\/strong> expresses possibility. <strong>Should<\/strong> expresses opinion or high likelihood. <strong>Would<\/strong> expresses a definite (but hypothetical) outcome. In this post, you&#8217;ll get a quick review of the four conditionals, a clear explanation of each word with examples, and a reference table you can come back to whenever you need a reminder.<\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<p style=\"color: #4D2079; font-size:larger\"><strong>Table of Contents<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#four-conditionals\">A Quick Review of the Four Conditionals<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#could\">Using &#8220;Could&#8221; in Conditional Sentences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#should\">Using &#8220;Should&#8221; in Conditional Sentences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#would\">Using &#8220;Would&#8221; in Conditional Sentences<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#quick-reference\">Quick Reference: Could, Should, and Would at a Glance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#whats-next\">What&#8217;s Next<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079;\" id=\"four-conditionals\">A Quick Review of the Four Conditionals<\/h2>\n<p>Conditional sentences express cause and effect. English has four types, each describing a different kind of situation.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>zero conditional<\/strong> describes cause and effect that is always true. <em>&#8220;When the temperature drops below 0\u00b0C, water freezes.&#8221;<\/em> There&#8217;s no uncertainty here\u2014it always happens.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>first conditional<\/strong> describes a realistic prediction about the future. <em>&#8220;If it&#8217;s sunny tomorrow, we&#8217;ll go to the beach.&#8221;<\/em> The speaker thinks this is likely to happen.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>second conditional<\/strong> describes a hypothetical or unlikely situation in the present or future. <em>&#8220;If I magically grew wings, I would be able to fly.&#8221;<\/em> It&#8217;s theoretically possible, but not expected.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>third conditional<\/strong> describes a past situation that didn&#8217;t happen\u2014and its imagined result. <em>&#8220;If Columbus had not sailed to America, someone else eventually would have.&#8221;<\/em> The past can&#8217;t be changed, so this is purely hypothetical.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border-left: 4px solid #4d2079; background: #F9FAFB; padding: 1em 1.2em; margin: 1em 0; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> For a deeper look at each conditional type, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/review-of-conditionals\/\">full conditionals overview<\/a> and the dedicated <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/special-grammar-lesson-the-third-conditional\/\">third conditional guide<\/a> on this blog.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079;\" id=\"could\">Using &#8220;Could&#8221; in Conditional Sentences<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Could<\/strong> expresses possibility. When something <em>could<\/em> happen, it means it is one of several possible outcomes\u2014not certain, not required, just possible. It doesn&#8217;t express desire or recommendation. It simply states what is possible, or what was possible in the past (even if it didn&#8217;t happen).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #C5168C;\">Examples<\/h3>\n<p><em>First conditional:<\/em> If it rains enough tomorrow, it could flood. We should be prepared.<\/p>\n<p><em>Second conditional:<\/em> If we moved to a bigger apartment, we could set up a home office, or we could convert the extra room into a gym.<\/p>\n<p><em>Third conditional:<\/em> If I had known you were free yesterday, I could have asked you to join me for coffee.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border-left: 4px solid #4d2079; background: #F9FAFB; padding: 1em 1.2em; margin: 1em 0; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\">\n<p><strong>Pro tip:<\/strong> Notice that <em>could<\/em> often appears in the second conditional alongside other options (&#8220;we could X, or we could Y&#8221;). That&#8217;s because <em>could<\/em> highlights that multiple outcomes are possible\u2014not just one fixed result.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079;\" id=\"should\">Using &#8220;Should&#8221; in Conditional Sentences<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Should<\/strong> has two uses in conditional sentences. First, it expresses an opinion about the best course of action\u2014a recommendation. Second, it expresses that something is very likely to happen (or was very likely to have happened in the past).<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #C5168C;\">Examples<\/h3>\n<p><em>First conditional (high likelihood):<\/em> If it continues to rain this hard for another hour, it should start flooding. You should start preparing now.<\/p>\n<p><em>Third conditional (suggestion \/ past likelihood):<\/em> If you were going to the game yesterday, you should have invited me. You should have known I had the day off because I sent you an email.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border-left: 4px solid #4d2079; background: #F9FAFB; padding: 1em 1.2em; margin: 1em 0; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\">\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> <em>Should<\/em> doesn&#8217;t appear in the second conditional. The second conditional describes unlikely hypothetical situations, and it rarely makes sense to give advice about something that almost certainly won&#8217;t happen.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079;\" id=\"would\">Using &#8220;Would&#8221; in Conditional Sentences<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Would<\/strong> describes what <em>will definitely happen<\/em> if (and only if) specific circumstances change. It&#8217;s used for hypothetical but certain outcomes\u2014&#8221;if X were true, Y would happen.&#8221; It can also describe a past event that didn&#8217;t occur because the right circumstances weren&#8217;t there.<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #C5168C;\">Examples<\/h3>\n<p><em>Second conditional:<\/em> If you studied abroad for a year, your English would improve dramatically. Given that condition, the outcome is certain.<\/p>\n<p><em>Third conditional:<\/em> If I had known you had the day off yesterday, I would have asked you to join me. I wanted you there, but I didn&#8217;t know you were free.<\/p>\n<blockquote style=\"border-left: 4px solid #4d2079; background: #F9FAFB; padding: 1em 1.2em; margin: 1em 0; border-radius: 6px; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);\">\n<p><strong>Pro tip:<\/strong> <em>Would<\/em> cannot be used in the first conditional. The first conditional deals with realistic, likely future events\u2014and <em>would<\/em> is reserved for the unlikely and the hypothetical. If you&#8217;re tempted to use <em>would<\/em> in a first conditional sentence, switch to <em>will<\/em> instead.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079;\" id=\"quick-reference\">Quick Reference: Could, Should, and Would at a Glance<\/h2>\n<p>Here&#8217;s how the three modals map onto the four conditionals:<\/p>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; margin: 1em 0;\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #4D2079; color: white;\">\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Conditional<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Situation<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Could<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Should<\/th>\n<th style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Would<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Zero<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Always-true cause and effect<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">No<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>First<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Likely future prediction<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">No<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Second<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Unlikely \/ hypothetical<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\">\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\"><strong>Third<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Impossible (past situation)<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #ddd;\">Yes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p>The key rule to remember: none of the three appear in the zero conditional, <em>would<\/em> never appears in the first conditional, and <em>should<\/em> doesn&#8217;t appear in the second conditional.<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079;\" id=\"whats-next\">What&#8217;s Next<\/h2>\n<p>You now have a clear picture of how <em>could<\/em>, <em>should<\/em>, and <em>would<\/em> work in conditional sentences\u2014and a table you can come back to whenever you need a refresher.<\/p>\n<p>Grammar like this shows up throughout the TOEFL, especially in the Writing and Speaking sections, where you&#8217;ll need to discuss hypothetical scenarios and make recommendations. If you want to keep building your grammar and test skills, <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/\">Magoosh TOEFL Prep<\/a> offers practice questions and video lessons designed to get you ready for test day.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Three small words\u2014could, should, and would\u2014trip up even advanced English learners. They all look similar, and all three appear in conditional sentences. So how do you know which one to use? The short answer: each word expresses a different kind of meaning. Could expresses possibility. Should expresses opinion or high likelihood. Would expresses a definite [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13603],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13630],"class_list":["post-1165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Using \u201cWould,\u201d \u201cCould,\u201d and \u201cShould\u201d in Conditionals - Magoosh Blog \u2013 TOEFL\u00ae\ufe0f Test<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Confused about &quot;could,&quot; &quot;should,&quot; and &quot;would&quot; in English conditionals? 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Additionally, he's helped students with TOEIC, PET, FCE, BULATS, Eiken, SAT, ACT, GRE, and GMAT. David has a BS and MA from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and an MA from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshEnglishLearning","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/david-recine\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCra3KQoJlOP7RYwaCyH2qew"],"knowsAbout":["TOEFL","IELTS","TOEIC","PET","FCE","BULATS","Eiken","SAT","ACT","GRE","GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English","Italian"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/author\/davidr\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13630,"user_id":80,"is_guest":0,"slug":"davidr","display_name":"David Recine","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/b70c17ee6f3ef87dc4cc5dbdebda911d6dd30dfe15845e4b1d459a3e1b33ef98?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Recine","first_name":"David","description":"David is a Test Prep Expert for Magoosh TOEFL and IELTS. Additionally, he's helped students with TOEIC, PET, FCE, BULATS, Eiken, SAT, ACT, GRE, and GMAT.\r\n\r\nDavid has a BS from the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and an MA from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls. His work at Magoosh has been cited in<a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/scholar?hl=en&amp;as_sdt=0%2C50&amp;q=Recine+magoosh&amp;btnG=\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> many scholarly articles<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/minds.wisconsin.edu\/handle\/1793\/65479\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> his Master's Thesis<\/a> is featured on the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.readingwithpictures.org\/2013\/09\/research-highlight-teaching-english-language-learners-with-comics\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Reading with Pictures<\/a> website, and he's presented at the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.witesol.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/2014-WITESOL-Program-FINAL-10-28-14.pdf\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> WITESOL (link to PDF)<\/a> and<a href=\"https:\/\/issuu.com\/interoff\/docs\/nafsaregionv_2014conference\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> NAFSA<\/a> conferences. David has taught K-12 ESL in South Korea as well as undergraduate English and MBA-level business English at American universities. He has also trained English teachers in America, Italy, and Peru.\r\n\r\nCome join David and the Magoosh team on<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCra3KQoJlOP7RYwaCyH2qew\"> Youtube<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshEnglishLearning\"> Facebook<\/a>, and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/magooshenglish\/?hl=en\"> Instagram<\/a>, or connect with him via<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/david-recine\/\"> LinkedIn<\/a>!"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/80"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1165"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1165\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1165"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1165"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1165"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1165"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}