{"id":1117,"date":"2018-03-08T14:29:36","date_gmt":"2018-03-08T22:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/?p=1117"},"modified":"2019-05-06T08:53:17","modified_gmt":"2019-05-06T15:53:17","slug":"mcat-review-topic-aromatics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/mcat-review-topic-aromatics\/","title":{"rendered":"MCAT Review Topic: Aromatics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/MCATbanner3-1024x340.png\" alt=\"MCAT Aromatics -magoosh\" width=\"1024\" height=\"340\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1121\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/MCATbanner3-1024x340.png 1024w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/MCATbanner3-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/MCATbanner3-768x255.png 768w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/MCATbanner3.png 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><br \/>\nThe MCAT is going to test you on aromatics, so it\u2019s a good idea to start brushing up on your organic chemistry as soon as possible. <\/p>\n<p>Ready to get started? Check out our free video lesson on MCAT Aromatics, and keep reading for a quick aromatics review.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/mcat.magoosh.com\/lessons\/2568-aromatics?utm_source=mcatblog&#038;utm_medium=blog&#038;utm_campaign=mcatlessons&#038;utm_term=image&#038;utm_content=aromatics\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2018\/03\/cta-mcat-image-aromatics.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"283\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2018\/03\/cta-mcat-image-aromatics.png 804w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2018\/03\/cta-mcat-image-aromatics-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2018\/03\/cta-mcat-image-aromatics-768x270.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>MCAT Aromatics Review<\/h2>\n<p>To determine if a molecule is aromatic, we need to consider three important factors. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It must have <strong>alternating double and single bonds<\/strong>, which are arranged into a cyclical structure or a ring. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>If there are multiple rings, they need to be <strong>coplanar<\/strong> (meaning they need to be flat).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>They must obey <strong>Huckel&#8217;s Rule<\/strong>, which says they will have 4n+2 pi electrons. This means that they can have 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, etc., electrons. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Aryl Compounds to Know:<\/h3>\n<p>There are a couple of common aryl compounds you want to have memorized:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Toluene <\/strong>is a benzene ring with a methyl group attached to it. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Phenol<\/strong> is a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group attached to it. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Aniline <\/strong>is a benzene ring with a NH2, or amino group attached to it. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-26-at-5.51.34-PM.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-26-at-5.51.34-PM.png\" alt=\"MCAT Aromatics -magoosh\" width=\"600\" height=\"195\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1118\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Common Aryl Substituents to Know:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Phenyl group:<\/strong> when we have direct attachment of the benzene ring. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Benzyl group:<\/strong> when there&#8217;s a methyl group between the attachment. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-26-at-5.51.43-PM.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-26-at-5.51.43-PM.png\" alt=\"MCAT Aromatics -magoosh\" width=\"350\" height=\"175\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1119\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Prefixes to Know:<\/h3>\n<p>Now, in the case of disubstituted rings, there are several prefixes you&#8217;ll want to memorize. <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>Ortho-<\/strong><\/em> as a prefix indicates substitution on adjacent carbons. <\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Meta-<\/strong><\/em> as a prefix indicates one empty between the substituted carbons and <\/li>\n<li><em><strong>Para-<\/strong><\/em> as a prefix indicates the substitutions are on opposite sides of the ring. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-26-at-6.05.49-PM.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/files\/2017\/11\/Screen-Shot-2017-11-26-at-6.05.49-PM.png\" alt=\"MCAT Aromatics -magoosh\" width=\"400\" height=\"175\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1120\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Multiple Substitutions:<\/h3>\n<p>So far, we&#8217;ve only talked about a single substitution to a ring, but if we have multiple substituents, each substituent will direct subsequent editions. <\/p>\n<p>There are three basic types: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Activating ortho\/para:<\/strong> these are electron donating substituents. This includes NH2, NR2, And R alcohol groups. Essentially, these are all groups with lots of electrons that they can donate. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Deactivating ortho\/para:<\/strong> these are weakly electron withdrawing substituents. This includes the halogens, these are electronegative species that have some affinity to electrons and so pull it away from the rim. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<strong>Deactivating meta:<\/strong> these are strongly electron withdrawing substituents that include things like NO2, SO3H, Carboxylic acid, Ester, Ketone and Aldehyde. So these things tend to have strong resonance structures so they can deal localized electrons. For example, the carboxylic acid. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>More MCAT Study Materials:<\/h2>\n<p>Are you on the market for an <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/mcat-study-schedules-guides\/\">MCAT study schedule<\/a>? More <a href=\"https:\/\/mcat.magoosh.com\/lessons\/?utm_source=mcatblog&#038;utm_medium=blog&#038;utm_campaign=popular&#038;utm_term=endofpost&#038;utm_content=lessons\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">free MCAT lessons<\/a>? Maybe this MCAT Aromatics review was less of a &#8220;review&#8221; than you&#8217;d hoped&#8230;don&#8217;t worry! Our <a href=\"https:\/\/mcat.magoosh.com\/?utm_source=mcatblog&#038;utm_medium=blog&#038;utm_campaign=mcathome&#038;utm_term=endofpost&#038;utm_content=freetrial&#038;hsCtaTracking=c62affbf-60b8-4e74-9e4b-37bc2ffcd7ba%7Cfa18f5f6-9ea0-4f3d-a1ed-1a3c918078e1\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">official MCAT test prep<\/a> has you covered. <\/p>\n<p>Whatever you&#8217;re looking for, check out the links below for everything MCAT:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Studying for the MCAT? Brush up on your organic chemistry with this free MCAT Aromatics video lesson, and then check out our list of MCAT study resources.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[2343],"class_list":["post-1117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mcat-chemistry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MCAT Review Topic: Aromatics - Magoosh MCAT Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Studying for the MCAT? 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She designs Magoosh\u2019s graphic assets, manages our YouTube channels and podcasts, and contributes to the blogs. Since 2014, Molly has tutored high school and college students preparing for the SAT, GRE, and LSAT. She began her tutoring journey while in undergrad, helping her fellow students master math, computer programming, Spanish, English, and Philosophy. Molly graduated from Lewis &amp; Clark College with a B.A. in Philosophy, and she continues to study ethics to this day. An artist at heart, Molly loves blogging, making art, taking long walks and serving as personal agent to her cat, who is more popular on Instagram than she is. Connect with her on LinkedIn !","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/molly-kiefer-15139918b\/"],"knowsAbout":["SAT","GRE","LSAT","Math","Spanish"],"knowsLanguage":["English","Spanish"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/author\/mollybkiefer\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":2343,"user_id":266,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mollybkiefer","display_name":"Molly Kiefer","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/5c0fcbf761eef997722c68efcfea3ef7523e81236c0e66552694c5aa0cc75dad?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"Kiefer","first_name":"Molly","description":"<p>\r\nMolly is one of Magoosh\u2019s Content Creators. She designs Magoosh\u2019s graphic assets, manages our YouTube channels and podcasts, and contributes to the Magoosh High School Blog. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nSince 2014, Molly has tutored high school and college students preparing for the SAT, GRE, and LSAT. She began her tutoring journey while in undergrad, helping her fellow students master math, computer programming, Spanish, English, and Philosophy. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\nMolly graduated from Lewis & Clark College with a B.A. in Philosophy, and she continues to study ethics to this day. An artist at heart, Molly loves blogging, making art, taking long walks and serving as personal agent to her cat, who is more popular on Instagram than she is. \r\n<\/p>\r\n<p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/molly-kiefer-15139918b\/\" target=\"\u201d_blank\u201d\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LinkedIn<\/a> \r\n<\/p>"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1117","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/266"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1117"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1117\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1117"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1117"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1117"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/mcat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1117"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}