{"id":2764,"date":"2020-11-01T14:32:38","date_gmt":"2020-11-01T22:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/?p=2764"},"modified":"2020-12-02T14:32:38","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T22:32:38","slug":"lsat-logical-reasoning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/lsat-logical-reasoning\/","title":{"rendered":"LSAT Logical Reasoning: The Ultimate Guide (With Video)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning.jpg\" alt=\"White doors with one yellow door for LSAT Logical Reasoning guide - image by Magoosh\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning-1024x512.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning-1536x768.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/LSAT-Logical-Reasoning-2048x1024.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The LSAT Logical Reasoning section is probably the one that you\u2019re most familiar with in everyday life, and it\u2019s also what law school is all about. If you\u2019ve ever tried to convince someone of something and backed up your position with reasoning, then you\u2019ve made an argument before. If you\u2019ve ever read a statement and thought about what was implied based on that statement, then you\u2019ve made logical inferences before. <\/p>\n<p>Here are the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/lsat-logical-reasoning-the-basics\/\">LSAT Logical Reasoning basics<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Logical Reasoning on the LSAT is all about arguments and inferences. <\/li>\n<li>Each Logical Reasoning section presents you with between 24 to 26 short sets of statements, each followed by a question. <\/li>\n<li>The questions will revolve around understanding arguments contained in those statements or making inferences based on those statements.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wQMe0-pD1wA\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nCheck out this video with our top tips and strategies for LSAT Logical Reasoning. Then, read on to learn all about this section, including question types and practice problems!<\/p>\n<p>And, for more support on <em>all<\/em> of the LSAT sections, check our <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/what-are-the-lsat-sections\/\">guide to the 2021 LSAT<\/a>!<\/p>\n<p><a id=\"contents\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<div class=\"bordered\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#important\">Why is LSAT Logical Reasoning important?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#improve\">How can I improve my logical reasoning on the LSAT?<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#improve\">LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Questions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#tips\">4 Tips to Master LSAT Logical Reasoning<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#questiontypes\">Breakdown of LR Question Types<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><a id=\"important\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079\">Why is LSAT Logical Reasoning important?<\/h2>\n<p>\nOn the traditional LSAT, since there are two Logical Reasoning Sections out of your four scored sections, Logical Reasoning counts for about 50% of your LSAT score. That makes it by far the most important out of the three types of sections on the LSAT test. If you\u2019re weak at Logical Reasoning, it will be difficult to get a great score, no matter how strong you are on the rest of the test.\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#contents\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/back-to-top-button-1-150x40-1.png\" alt=\"Back to top button - Magoosh\" width=\"100\" height=\"27\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2649\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"improve\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079\">How can I improve on LSAT Logical Reasoning? <\/h2>\n<h3>LSAT Logical Reasoning Practice Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nThe best way to improve your logical reasoning skills is to practice them. Try out these LSAT Logical Reasoning practice questions to get started!\n<\/p>\n<div class=\"mox\">\n<em>All professors and physicians are doctors. Most qualified doctors have PhDs. But if a doctor is inexperienced then he or she is unqualified, and all experienced doctors are highly educated.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>If all of the above statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?<\/p>\n<p><input type=\"radio\" name=\"choice-q2\" value=\"A\">A. Any physician that is highly educated is experienced.<br \/>\n<input type=\"radio\" name=\"choice-q2\" value=\"B\">B. Most doctors who have PhDs are qualified.<br \/>\n<input type=\"radio\" name=\"choice-q2\" value=\"C\">C. Most professors who are qualified have PhDs.<br \/>\n<input type=\"radio\" name=\"choice-q2\" value=\"D\">D. Any qualified professor or physician is highly educated.<br \/>\n<input type=\"radio\" name=\"choice-q2\" value=\"E\">E. Any professor who is highly educated is a qualified doctor.<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary><strong style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show answer and explanation<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>The Prompt<\/h4>\n<p>The prompt tells us that all of the facts provided are true. Even if some of them seem unlikely to you, it doesn\u2019t matter. For this question, we pretend that they are all perfectly accurate.<\/p>\n<p>More importantly, we pretend like we know <em>nothing else<\/em> about doctors, physicians, or professors. The only information available to us is what\u2019s provided in the stimulus. Our answer must be supportable using that&#8211;and <em>only<\/em> that&#8211;information.<\/p>\n<p>So, let\u2019s take a look at the information we\u2019re given and organize it as clearly as possible.<\/p>\n<h4>The Stimulus<\/h4>\n<p>First, we\u2019re going to tackle the stimulus. Let\u2019s assign some variables to the different characteristics of doctors that are mentioned in the text.<\/p>\n<p><strong>qualified = B<br \/>\nPhD = C<br \/>\nexperienced = D<br \/>\neducated = E<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We can now rewrite the stimulus as:<\/p>\n<p><strong>All professors and physicians are doctors. Most B doctors have Cs. But if a doctor is not D then he or she is not B, and all D doctors are E.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s organize our facts more clearly by working through the stimulus one phrase at a time, writing out some if\/then statements and contrapositives, if possible.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>All professors and physicians are doctors<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>If\/then form: If prof or phys \u2192 doctor<br \/>\nContrapositive: if not doctor \u2192 not prof and not phys<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-136\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/15\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-1-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"LSAT Logical Reasoning - Inference Venn 1 - image by Magoosh\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-1-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-1.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Notice how anything that\u2019s true of <em>all<\/em> doctors will also be true of <em>all<\/em> physicians and professors. This is important because all of the remaining statements in the stimulus apply to all doctors, and therefore also to all physicians and professors.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, anything that\u2019s true of <em>some or all<\/em> physicians and\/or professors will also be true of <em>at least some<\/em> doctors. However, something that\u2019s true of <em>some or most<\/em> doctors will not necessarily be true of <em>any<\/em> professors or physicians.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The rest of the statements in the stimulus apply to all <em>doctors<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\tMost qualified doctors have PhDs.<\/p>\n<p><em>Most Bs have Cs.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\tIf a doctor is inexperienced then he or she is unqualified.<\/p>\n<p><em>If\/then form: If not D \u2192 not B<br \/>\nContrapositive: if B \u2192 D<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\tAll experienced doctors are highly educated.<\/p>\n<p><em>If\/then form: If D \u2192 E<br \/>\nContrapositive: if not E \u2192 not D<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Finally, let\u2019s see if we can combine any rules and come up with some deductions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The 4th statement (if D \u2192 E) can be combined with the contrapositive of the 3rd statement (if B \u2192 D) to come up with: If B \u2192 D and E<\/li>\n<li>We can also combine the 3rd statement with the contrapositive of the 4th statement: if not E \u2192 not B.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That\u2019s probably about all we can do at this point, so let\u2019s move on to the answer choices.<\/p>\n<h4>The Answers<\/h4>\n<p><strong>(A) Any physician that is highly educated is experienced.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Using our assigned variables, we can translate this as <em>if E \u2192 D<\/em>. In this statement, E (being highly educated) is the trigger. In other words, it says that if a physician is highly educated, then we definitely know that physician is also experienced.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, the stimulus doesn\u2019t support this. The stimulus tells us that an experienced physician will definitely be highly educated, but not necessarily the other way around. In other words, E (being highly educated) isn\u2019t a trigger in any of our factual statements above. We have <em>not<\/em> E as a trigger in two different places, but that\u2019s the closest we get. Therefore, this answer choice is not supported by the facts provided.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>(B) Most doctors who have PhDs are qualified.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Using our variables, we can translate this as, <em>most Cs are Bs<\/em>. Again, this is the opposite of what the stimulus tells us. We know that most Bs (qualified doctors) have Cs (PhDs), but we can\u2019t say that the reverse is true.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here\u2019s an example that illustrates why this answer choice is wrong<\/strong>: we have 100 doctors total. Of the 100, 20 of them are qualified and 90 have PhDs. A total of 18 doctors are qualified and have PhDs. Thus, most of the qualified doctors have PhDs (18 out of 20). However, it isn\u2019t accurate to say that most doctors with PhDs are qualified (only 18 out of 90).<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>(C) Most professors who are qualified have PhDs.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Using our variables, we can translate this as, <strong>most Bs have Cs<\/strong>. This is exactly the same as our statement #2 up above.<\/p>\n<p>However, this statement is about <em>professors<\/em>, whereas the original was about <em>doctors<\/em>. Remember that in the diagram above we discovered that something that is true of <em>all<\/em> doctors is also true of <em>all<\/em> professors. Unfortunately, it isn\u2019t true that <em>all<\/em> qualified doctors have PhDs. It\u2019s true that <em>most<\/em> qualified doctors have PhDs.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Let\u2019s draw out a scenario<\/strong>: We have 20 professors within a group of 100 doctors. 80 of our doctors are qualified and 41 of those 80 have PhDs. Therefore, most of our qualified doctors have PhDs. Is it necessarily true that most of our qualified professors have PhDs? Nope. What if only 10 of our professors are qualified, and none of those professors is among the 41 qualified doctors who have PhDs? That would look something like this:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-137\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/wp-content\/blogs.dir\/15\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"LSAT Logical Reasoning - Inference Venn 2 - image by Magoosh\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2016\/01\/LR-Challenge-Q-Inference-Venn-2.jpg 1152w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Thus, we can see how it\u2019s possible to have no qualified professors with PhDs, even within a group of doctors, in which most of the qualified ones have PhDs. Therefore, this answer choice isn\u2019t necessarily true.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>(D) Any qualified professor or physician is highly educated.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is the correct answer choice.<\/p>\n<p>Using our variables, we can translate the statement as <em>if B \u2192 E<\/em>. Looking back at the deductions we made earlier, we discovered that you could combine the 4th statement (<em>if D \u2192 E<\/em>) with the contrapositive of the 3rd statement (<em>if B \u2192 D<\/em>). This gave us the statement, <em>if B \u2192 D and E<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>That statement is true of all doctors, which means it\u2019s also true of all physicians and all professors. Therefore, this answer choice is fully supported by statements made in the stimulus.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>(E) Any professor who is highly educated is a qualified doctor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We can translate this answer choice as, <em>if E \u2192 B<\/em>. Again, this answer uses E as a trigger, and as we discovered in the first answer choice, we have no statement in the stimulus that uses E as a trigger. Therefore, this is an unsupportable statement. We don\u2019t even need to worry about comparing professors and doctors in this case.<\/details>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ready to go one step further and put your LSAT skills to the test? Check out our <strong>free full-length LSAT practice test<\/strong>. Just click below to get started!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/lsat.magoosh.com\/subscribe\/free-practice-test?utm_source=lsatblog&#038;utm_medium=blog&#038;utm_campaign=lsatfreepracticetest&#038;utm_term=inline&#038;utm_content=lsat-logical-reasoning\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/Click-here-for-the-practice-test.png\" alt=\"Click here for the LSAT practice test and explanations - Magoosh\" width=\"400\" height=\"100\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2802\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/Click-here-for-the-practice-test.png 400w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/Click-here-for-the-practice-test-300x75.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#contents\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/back-to-top-button-1-150x40-1.png\" alt=\"Back to top button - Magoosh\" width=\"100\" height=\"27\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2649\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"tips\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>4 Tips to Master LSAT Logical Reasoning<\/h3>\n<p>\nKeep these points in mind when studying for Logical Reasoning and you\u2019re bound to improve your score.\n<\/p>\n<h4>1. Master the different question types.<\/h4>\n<p>\nIdentifying the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/lsat-logical-reasoning-question-types\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LSAT Logical Reasoning question type<\/a> is essential when determining how to approach the question. Here are the most common Logical Reasoning question types:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flaw Questions<\/strong> ask you to spot the underlying flaw in the argument presented.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Assumption Questions<\/strong> ask you to identify the gap between the evidence provided and the conclusion reached. The right answer choice will be the statement that is necessary to get from the evidence to the conclusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inference Questions<\/strong> ask you to find the statement that is most supported by the argument, assuming all the statements in the argument are true.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strengthen Questions <\/strong>ask you to recognize the statement that would best bolster the author\u2019s argument and support the conclusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Weaken Questions <\/strong>ask you to spot the statement that would most detract from the author\u2019s evidence in support of the conclusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Paradox Questions<\/strong> ask you to note the answer choice with the most similar argument structure to the one in the argument.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Principle Questions<\/strong> ask you to choose the answer choice that is an example of the idea, or principle, presented in the argument.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNaturally, your approach will differ depending on the type of question you are answering. So, be sure to familiarize yourself with the most common Logical Reasoning question types and practice doing sets of them until you feel comfortable with your approach.\n<\/p>\n<h4>2. Read the stimulus carefully.<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Practice active reading<\/strong>\n<p>    Just like when you\u2019re reading a passage in the Reading Comprehension section, you\u2019ll want to read Logical Reasoning stimuluses actively. This is not a leisurely read\u2014dissect the argument and understand how all of the sentences work together. Never skim, and always go back to reread when you don\u2019t understand what you just read.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Identify the conclusion and premise<\/strong>\n<p>    On any question that involves an argument, <strong>you must correctly identify the conclusion to the argument and the premise(s). <\/strong>Note that the conclusion isn\u2019t necessarily at the end of the argument. Be on the lookout for keywords that signal the conclusion, such as \u201cthus,\u201d \u201ctherefore,\u201d and \u201chence.\u201d Similarly, look out for words that indicate a premise, such as \u201csince,\u201d \u201cbecause,\u201d and \u201cfor.\u201d\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recognize important keywords<\/strong>\n<p>    Certain words on the LSAT are especially important because they have precise meanings that the LSAT likes to test. This includes conditional language like \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/if-only-if-and-if-and-only-if-on-the-lsat\/\">only if<\/a>,\u201d \u201cunless,\u201d and \u201cthe only,\u201d as well as quantity words like \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/what-does-some-mean-on-the-lsat\/\">some<\/a>,\u201d \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/many-and-most-on-the-lsat\/\">most<\/a>,\u201d and \u201cnot all.\u201d Make sure you know what these words mean and always recognize them when you see them in a Logical Reasoning stimulus.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. Predict the answer.<\/h4>\n<p>\nIf you read the stimulus carefully and understand what the question is asking, you can often anticipate what the correct answer should do. While you can\u2019t predict the exact wording of the correct answer, you can often recognize what issue the correct answer should relate to or what connections the correct answer should rely on. For example, if the stimulus says that A leads to B, and B leads to C, and the question asks us what must be true on the basis of those statements, then you know the correct answer is likely going to be that A leads to C, or some rewording of that idea.\n<\/p>\n<p>\nTaking time to think critically about the stimulus and the question before going to the answers is the key to solving questions quickly and accurately.\n<\/p>\n<h4>4. Practice pacing and time management<\/h4>\n<p>\nMost of the difficulty on the LSAT springs not only from the questions, but the fact that your time is so limited. 35 minutes is either not enough time or just enough time to completely answer the 24-26 questions you\u2019ll find on the Logical Reasoning section. Here are some ways to get faster at LSAT Logical Reasoning and use your time efficiently:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Time yourself during practice,<\/strong> so you get used to working calmly under time pressure. Resist the urge to rush through the section while making careless errors.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Know your <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/intro-to-lsat-pacing\/\">pacing strategy<\/a>:<\/strong> What is your goal score, and how many questions will you need to answer to get there? Is Logical Reasoning your strongest or weakest section? If it\u2019s your strongest, you\u2019ll want to answer as many questions as possible.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Practice diagramming every day: <\/strong>You might lose a lot of time if your <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/diagramming-common-lsat-logic-games\/\">diagramming <\/a>foundations are shaky. Difficult questions on the Logical Reasoning section will often use paraphrasing to confuse you about conditional chains. Be ready to summarize terms efficiently using initials and to recognize <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/ifthen-statements-and-contrapositives-on-the-lsat\/\">contrapositives<\/a>.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"no_bullet\">\n<li class=\"bulb\">For more on this topic, check out our free video lesson on <a href=\"https:\/\/lsat.magoosh.com\/lessons\/1967-if-then-statements-and-contrapositives?utm_source=lsatblog&#038;utm_medium=blog&#038;utm_campaign=lsatlessons&#038;utm_term=inline&#038;utm_content=lsat-logical-reasoning\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">if\/then statements and contrapositives<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avoid getting stuck: <\/strong>A lot of time can be lost if you get stuck on difficult questions. To avoid these traps, trust your gut when you initially choose an answer, then flag the question to return to. <em>If <\/em>you have time by the end of the section, then you can re-examine flagged questions and answer choices.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#contents\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/back-to-top-button-1-150x40-1.png\" alt=\"Back to top button - Magoosh\" width=\"100\" height=\"27\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2649\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a id=\"questiontypes\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079\">Breakdown of LSAT Logical Reasoning Question Types<\/h2>\n<p>Now that you know a little more about what to expect with the LSAT Logical Reasoning section, let\u2019s dive into what you\u2019ll need to know and do for each question type.<\/p>\n<table id=\"tablepress-34\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-34 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n<th class=\"column-1\">Question Type<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-2\">Identifying language in the prompt:<\/th>\n<th class=\"column-3\">Correct answer choice will:<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Assumption<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;assumption&#8221; or &#8220;to assume&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">identify a gap between the premises (evidence) and conclusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Strengthen<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;strengthen the conclusion&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;provides the most support for the conclusion&#8230;&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">fill in a gap between the premises (evidence) and conclusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Weaken<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;weaken,&#8221; &#8220;undermine,&#8221; &#8220;call into question,&#8221; etc&#8230;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">create or widen the gap between the premises and conclusion to make a potentially valid conclusion less convincing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Flaw<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;most vulnerable to criticism,&#8221; &#8220;flawed,&#8221; &#8220;reasoning error,&#8221; etc.<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">identify a truth that is not explicitly stated but can be deduced solely from the information provided<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Inference<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;most supported by the statements above,&#8221; &#8220;must also be true,&#8221; &#8220;properly inferred from,&#8221; &#8220;completes the argument&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">identify a truth that is not explicitly stated but can be deduced solely from the information provided<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Principle > Scenario<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;principle&#8221; or &#8220;proposition&#8221; (principle is stated in the stimulus)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe a scenario in which the principle stated in the stimulus is applied logically and accurately<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Scenario > Principle<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;principle&#8221; or &#8220;proposition&#8221; (principles are stated in the answer choices)<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe a principle that justifies the argument or decision in the stimulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Paradox<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;explain,&#8221; &#8220;resolve,&#8221; &#8220;contradiction,&#8221; &#8220;discrepancy,&#8221; &#8220;helps to account for&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">provide a reasonable explanation of an apparent contradiction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Parallel Reasoning<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;pattern of reasoning most similar to&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;most similar in reasoning to&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;most closely resembles&#8230;&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe a scenario guided by the same logic as the scenario in the stimulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Parallel Flaw<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;same pattern of flawed reasoning&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;most similar to the flawed reasoning in&#8230;&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe a scenario guided by the same faulty logic as the scenario in the stimulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Method of Argument<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;argument proceeds by&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;describes the manner in which&#8230;&#8221; or &#8220;describes the argumentative technique&#8230;&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe the rhetorical strategy of all or part of the stimulus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Role of Statement<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;most accurately describes the role played in the argument by&#8230;&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe a question, the answer to which would allow you to say whether the conclusion in the stimulus is valid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Evaluate Conclusion<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;evaluate,&#8221; &#8220;useful to know,&#8221; &#8220;helpful to know in order to&#8230;&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">describe a question, the answer to which would allow you to say whether the conclusion in the stimulus is valid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Point of Contention<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;disagree,&#8221; &#8220;point at issue&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">identify the precise point on which two speakers disagree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16 even\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Point of Agreement<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;agree&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">identify the precise point on which two speakers agree<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17 odd\">\n<td class=\"column-1\">Main Idea<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-2\">&#8220;states the overall conclusion&#8221; or &#8220;expresses the main conclusion&#8221;<\/td>\n<td class=\"column-3\">identify the conclusion of the argument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><!-- #tablepress-34 from cache --><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Click the arrow next to each question type below to learn more about it!<\/p>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Assumption questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Assumption Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/tips-necessary-assumption-questions\/\">Assumption questions<\/a> require you to identify the gap between the evidence presented and the conclusion drawn. In other words, you need to find some piece of information that <em>isn\u2019t<\/em> provided but that is necessary to connect the evidence to the conclusion.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Strengthen and Weaken questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Strengthen and Weaken Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nStrengthen and Weaken questions are just variations on the Assumption theme. Strengthen questions ask for a piece of information that isn\u2019t provided, but that <em>reinforces<\/em> the connection between the evidence and the conclusion. Weaken questions want new information that <em>damages<\/em> that connection.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Flaw questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Flaw Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nFlaw questions involve logically flawed arguments. In other words, these are arguments in which the conclusion does not have to follow from the premises because the argument is overlooking something or assuming something. These questions ask us to identify exactly <strong>why<\/strong> the conclusion doesn\u2019t follow.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Inference questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Inference Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nInference questions are asking you to look at the information provided and determine something new that can be concluded based exclusively on that information. <strong>Inference questions<\/strong> are all about close reading. In short, close reading means paying attention to and treating each word as uniquely important to the text. Even more simply put, <em>every word counts<\/em>.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Main Idea and Conclusion questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3> Main Idea\/Conclusion Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nMain Points\/Conclusion questions are simple: identify the conclusion of the argument. What is the statement that the argument is trying to support? Identifying the conclusion of an argument is one of the fundamental skills in logical reasoning, so it\u2019s important to master this question type.\n<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul class=\"no_bullet\">\n<li class=\"bulb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lsat.magoosh.com\/lessons\/3477-conclusion-questions\">Check out our free video lesson on Conclusion Questions taught by LSAT experts!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Paradox questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Paradox Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nParadox questions present you with a set of facts that seem to be contradictory. Your job is to identify the answer that helps to explain why that apparent discrepancy could make sense.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Parallel Reasoning questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Parallel Reasoning Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nParallel Reasoning questions require us to recognize the reasoning structure of an argument in the stimulus and to identify an answer choice that uses the same reasoning structure. These questions often involve conditional reasoning, which is why strong diagramming skills can help. Many students find these questions among the most difficult and time-consuming on the Logical Reasoning section.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Parallel Flaw questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Parallel Flaw Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nParallel Flaw questions are just like Parallel Reasoning questions, except now the argument in the stimulus is guaranteed to be flawed. Your job is to pick the answer that contains an argument that is flawed in the same way.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Principle questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Principle Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nIn Principle Questions, the stimulus will contain one or more principles, which are also known as rules. You\u2019ll be asked to identify the answer that conforms to those rules. The wrong answers might contradict those rules or be about situations to which the rules do not apply.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Method of Argument questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Method of Argument Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nIn Method of Argument questions, you\u2019re asked <strong>how<\/strong> the argument reaches its conclusion. In other words, what\u2019s the argumentative technique? Perhaps the argument relies on a sample, or draws a distinction, or brings up a counterexample. Although there aren\u2019t many Method of Argument questions on each test, mastering them can help on other question types, since recognizing the way the argument reaches its conclusion can help you identify the argument\u2019s assumptions.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Role of Statement questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Role of Statement Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nThese questions will specify a particular statement in the stimulus and ask us to identify the role of that statement. If that statement is part of an argument, then we\u2019ll have to identify whether it\u2019s the main conclusion, intermediate conclusion, or a premise. Sometimes, however, that statement might be playing a different role, such as acting as a concession, or a fact to be explained. Or perhaps the statement is part of an opposing viewpoint. Solving Role questions requires precise reading and dissecting of the Logical Reasoning stimulus.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Evaluate the Conclusion questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Evaluate the Conclusion Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nEvaluate questions ask us to identify the answer containing an issue that would be the most helpful to evaluating the strength of the argument. These are very similar to Strengthen and Weaken questions, since the issue in the correct answer will be one that either Strengthens the argument or Weakens the argument, depending on how that issue is resolved. Put another way, in Evaluate questions, you should think about what\u2019s missing from the argument\u2014what issue hasn\u2019t been addressed in the stimulus but would be helpful to know in order to reach the conclusion?\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Point of Contention questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Point of Contention Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nPoint of Contention questions, sometimes known as Disagree questions, present you with two speakers who each have their own set of statements. Your job is to identify a point of disagreement between the speakers. The correct answer will be the one for which one speaker agrees with what the answer says, but the other speaker disagrees with it. This question type can often seem like a mix of other ones, since you may have to identify assumptions in each speaker\u2019s statements in order to recognize what they disagree about.\n<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<details>\n<summary><span style=\"color: #005bc2\">Click to show more on Point of Agreement questions<\/span><\/summary>\n<h3>Point of Agreement Questions<\/h3>\n<p>\nThese questions are very similar to Point of Contention questions. Now, your job is to identify an answer that the two speakers agree about. Both speakers will agree with what the correct answer says.\n<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#contents\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/lsat\/files\/2020\/10\/back-to-top-button-1-150x40-1.png\" alt=\"Back to top button - Magoosh\" width=\"100\" height=\"27\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2649\" \/><\/a><\/details>\n<p><a id=\"conclusion\"><\/a><br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"color: #4D2079\">Conclusion: LSAT Logical Reasoning<\/h2>\n<p>We hope this guide helped give you a better understanding of how to approach LSAT Logical Reasoning, what question types to expect, and what ways you can practice for success. There&#8217;s a lot to go over here, so don&#8217;t worry if you need to come back to this guide a few times to reference the information. Happy studying! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Looking for a guide to LSAT Logical Reasoning? This post has all the information, tips, and practice you need to master this section!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":415,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[3865],"class_list":["post-2764","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lsat-lr"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>LSAT Logical Reasoning: The Ultimate Guide (With Video) - Magoosh LSAT Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Looking for a guide to LSAT Logical Reasoning? 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