{"id":3835,"date":"2021-05-20T11:20:38","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T18:20:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/?p=3835"},"modified":"2021-05-20T11:21:02","modified_gmt":"2021-05-20T18:21:02","slug":"past-perfect-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/past-perfect-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Past Perfect Continuous Tense: How and When to Use It"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/893207877_orig.png\" alt=\"Past perfect continuous tense on blackboard\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3836\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/893207877_orig.png 1200w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/893207877_orig-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/893207877_orig-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/893207877_orig-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This article focuses on the <strong><em>past perfect continuous tense<\/em><\/strong>. To see resources and breakdowns of each verb tense, visit the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/12-english-verb-tenses-all-forms-with-tables\/\">12 English Verb Tenses<\/a> page.<\/p>\n<h2>Forming the Past Perfect Continuous Tense (with Tables)<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>Quick Reference Table: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense in All Forms<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>KEY<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ving \u2192 Present Participle<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Forms<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Verbs<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>+<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Had + been + Ving<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I <strong><em>had been writing<\/em><\/strong> for an hour when they called about the event.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Had + subject + been + Ving<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Had you been working<\/em><\/strong> for three hours when they called?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Had + not + been + Ving<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I <strong><em>had not been working<\/em><\/strong> for very long when they called.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The formula for writing the past perfect continuous tense is: <strong><em>had + been + <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grammar-monster.com\/glossary\/present_participle.htm\">present participle<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>We <strong><em>had been walking<\/em><\/strong> on the path when a deer crossed in front of us.<\/li>\n<li>He <strong><em>had been practicing<\/em><\/strong> for months when he finally got the call for the audition.<\/li>\n<li>Jared <strong><em>had been pitching<\/em><\/strong> the entire game before his arm finally gave out.<\/li>\n<li>Brittany <strong><em>had been working<\/em><\/strong> for the company for a decade when they laid her off.<\/li>\n<li>The dogs <strong><em>had been hunting<\/em><\/strong> all evening when they finally spotted a rabbit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Making It Negative<\/h2>\n<p>To make the past perfect continuous tense in negative form, use this formula: <strong><em>Had + not + been + present participle.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I <strong><em>had not been studying<\/em><\/strong> English for very long before I moved to America.<\/li>\n<li>He <strong><em>hadn\u2019t been working<\/em><\/strong> there very long before they decided to lay off 1,000 workers.<\/li>\n<li>Sarah <strong><em>hadn\u2019t been attending<\/em><\/strong> class very often when the accident happened.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Asking a Question<\/h2>\n<p>When asking a question in the past perfect continuous tense, use the formula: <strong><em>Had + subject + been + present participle.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Had you been waiting<\/em><\/strong> long when he arrived?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Had she been speaking<\/em><\/strong> for a while when they showed up?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Had Joey been attending<\/em><\/strong> class very often when the accident occured?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When To Use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense<\/h2>\n<p>This tense is very similar to the present perfect continuous tense because they both start with an action that begins in the past. However, to use the past perfect continuous tense, the action <strong><em>must<\/em><\/strong> have ended at a certain point in the past.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Use #1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When describing an action that began in the past and continued to another point of time in the past.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She <strong><em>had been speaking<\/em><\/strong> for nearly an hour before her father arrived.<\/li>\n<li>They <strong><em>had been working<\/em><\/strong> for three days before they were fed.<\/li>\n<li>We <strong><em>had been walking<\/em><\/strong> for five miles before we noticed we forgot my little brother.<\/li>\n<li>Stephanie <strong><em>hadn\u2019t been working<\/em><\/strong> for thirty minutes when the robbers entered the bank.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Had you been waiting<\/em><\/strong> long when the bus arrived?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Use #2<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When describing the cause and effect of something from the past.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grandma was tired because she <strong><em>had been watching<\/em><\/strong> the kids all day.<\/li>\n<li>Terry was bored because he <strong><em>had been typing<\/em><\/strong> for 4 hours.<\/li>\n<li>He did well on his exam because he <strong><em>had been studying<\/em><\/strong> for months.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When Not To Use It<\/h2>\n<p>Continuous tenses can\u2019t be used with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecenglish.com\/learnenglish\/lessons\/non-continuous-verbs\">non-continuous verbs<\/a>. However, there are many verbs that can be both in different situations.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She had been wanting to leave until Jenny showed up. &#8211; <strong><em>Incorrect<\/em><\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>She had wanted to leave until Jenny showed up &#8211; <strong><em>Correct<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Also, it\u2019s important to note that without a time duration, most speakers will use the <em>past continuous tense<\/em> instead of the <em>past perfect continuous<\/em>. However, this can change the meaning of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p>The <em>past continuous<\/em> is used to emphasize an interrupted action in the present, but the <em>past perfect continuous<\/em> is used to emphasize the duration of time before something else that happens. Look at these examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She was exhausted because she was working so much.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>This sentence implies that she is exhausted because she is working at the moment.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>She was exhausted because she had been working so much.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>This sentence implies that she is exhausted because she had been working over a period of time. She could still be working or she could be finished.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article focuses on the past perfect continuous tense, one of the 12 English verb tenses. Read on to learn how and when to use it!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":422,"featured_media":3810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5072],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[5091],"class_list":["post-3835","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-learning"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Past Perfect Continuous Tense: How and When to Use It - Magoosh Blog \u2014 IELTS\u00ae Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article focuses on the past perfect continuous tense, one of the 12 English verb tenses. 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In his time at Magoosh, he's worked with hundreds of students and has created content that's informed\u2014and hopefully inspired!\u2014ESL students all across the globe. Jake records audio for his articles to help students with pronunciation and comprehension as he also works as a voice-over artist who has been featured in commercials and on audiobooks. You can read his posts on the Magoosh blog and see his other work on his portfolio page at jakepool.net. You can follow him on LinkedIn!","sameAs":["http:\/\/jakepool.net","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jakepoolwritereditor\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jakepoolwritereditor\/"],"knowsAbout":["ESL","Writing","English language learning"],"jobTitle":"Writer","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/author\/jakepool\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":5091,"user_id":422,"is_guest":0,"slug":"jakepool","display_name":"Jake Pool","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/2925eae1b4baadeac6af6a893c3b76bc6da0c833e24f93551fe9640dd5899a40?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"http:\/\/jakepool.net","last_name":"Pool","first_name":"Jake","description":"Jake Pool worked in the restaurant industry for over a decade and left to pursue his career as a writer and ESL teacher. In his time at Magoosh, he's worked with hundreds of students and has created content that's informed\u2014and hopefully inspired!\u2014ESL students all across the globe. Jake records audio for his articles to help students with pronunciation and comprehension as he also works as a voice-over artist who has been featured in commercials and on audiobooks. You can read his posts on the Magoosh blog and see his other work on his portfolio page at <a href=\"http:\/\/jakepool.net\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">jakepool.net<\/a>. You can follow him on  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/jakepoolwritereditor\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">LinkedIn<\/a>!"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3835","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/422"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3835"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3835\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3810"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3835"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3835"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3835"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=3835"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}