{"id":3818,"date":"2021-05-18T21:33:22","date_gmt":"2021-05-19T04:33:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/?p=3818"},"modified":"2021-05-18T21:34:25","modified_gmt":"2021-05-19T04:34:25","slug":"present-perfect-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/present-perfect-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Present Perfect Tense: How and When to Use It"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/886464870_orig.png\" alt=\"Present perfect tense on a blackboard\" width=\"1200\" height=\"600\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-3819\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/886464870_orig.png 1200w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/886464870_orig-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/886464870_orig-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/files\/2021\/05\/886464870_orig-768x384.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In this post, we will look at the present perfect tense. We\u2019ve included examples in every form and several tables for your guidance on this useful tense.<\/p>\n<p>For a full breakdown of verb tenses in every form, check out our main article on <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/ielts\/12-english-verb-tenses-all-forms-with-tables\/\">verb tenses<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Forming the Present Perfect Tense<\/h2>\n<p><strong><em>Quick Reference Table: The Present Perfect Tense in All forms<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>KEY<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>V3 \u2192 The third form (Past Participle) of an irregular verb<\/p>\n<p>Ved \u2192 Past Participle form for regular verbs<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><em>Forms<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Formula<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>+<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Have\/Has + Ved\/V3<\/p>\n<p>I <strong><em>have worked<\/em><\/strong> a lot today.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Have\/Has + subject + Ved\/V3<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Have you worked<\/em><\/strong> a lot?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Have\/Has + not + V3<\/p>\n<p>I <strong><em>have not worked<\/em><\/strong> a lot yet.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The present perfect tense formula is: <strong><em>have\/has + <a href=\"https:\/\/www.grammar-monster.com\/glossary\/past_participles.htm\">past participle<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The past participle is usually formed by adding -ed or -d to the end of the verb, but there are many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gingersoftware.com\/content\/grammar-rules\/verbs\/list-of-irregular-verbs\/\">irregular verbs<\/a> in English.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Regular:<\/em> He <strong><em>has coached<\/em><\/strong> the team since 1998.<\/li>\n<li><em>Regular:<\/em> Julie <strong><em>has toured<\/em><\/strong> the entire nation twice with her band.<\/li>\n<li><em>Irregular:<\/em> She <strong><em>has broken<\/em><\/strong> her arm twice.<\/li>\n<li><em>Irregular:<\/em> I <strong><em>have led<\/em><\/strong> the army into battle many times.<\/li>\n<li><em>Irregular:<\/em> The robbers <strong><em>have stolen<\/em><\/strong> over 16 cars and are still at large.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Negative Form<\/h2>\n<p>To put the present perfect tense in a negative form, use this formula: <strong>Have\/Has + not + the past participle<\/strong>. You\u2019ll also commonly see the contractions <strong>haven\u2019t<\/strong> or <strong>hasn\u2019t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I <strong><em>haven\u2019t been<\/em><\/strong> to Spain.<\/li>\n<li>I <strong><em>haven\u2019t noticed<\/em><\/strong> anything odd going on.<\/li>\n<li>She <strong><em>hasn\u2019t said<\/em><\/strong> anything about it yet.<\/li>\n<li>They <strong><em>haven\u2019t seen<\/em><\/strong> the movie before.<\/li>\n<li>Carrie <strong><em>hasn\u2019t played<\/em><\/strong> a full game yet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Asking a Question<\/h2>\n<p>To ask a question in the present perfect, use the formula: <strong>Have\/Has + subject + past participle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Have you seen<\/em><\/strong> the movie?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Have you met<\/em><\/strong> him before?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Has he seen<\/em><\/strong> the damage yet?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Has she owed<\/em><\/strong> money for a long time?<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Have they<\/em><\/strong> even <strong><em>sold<\/em><\/strong> the property?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>When To Apply the Present Perfect Tense<\/h2>\n<p>Use the present perfect tense when you want to emphasize the result of an action. Since it\u2019s a present tense, the result should be in the present.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Use #1: Indefinite Time<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When describing an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I <strong><em>have eaten<\/em><\/strong> at this restaurant before.<\/li>\n<li>I <strong><em>have been<\/em><\/strong> here once.<\/li>\n<li>He <strong><em>has hiked<\/em><\/strong> on that trail in the past.<\/li>\n<li>She <strong><em>hasn\u2019t hiked<\/em><\/strong> that trail before.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Have you<\/em><\/strong> ever <strong><em>seen<\/em><\/strong> this band before?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>**NOTE: When you specify a time for an action, then the present perfect is not used. Use the simple past instead.**<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>I <strong><em>have organized<\/em><\/strong> all of my files<em>. &#8211; <strong>Correct<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li>I have organized all of my files this afternoon. &#8211; <strong>Incorrect<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>They <strong><em>have cleaned<\/em><\/strong> the entire store. &#8211; <strong>Correct<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>They have cleaned the entire store today. &#8211; <strong>Incorrect<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So, what exactly does it mean when we say <em>an indefinite time<\/em>? This is a concept that can be confusing to ESL learners. To be honest, it\u2019s even confusing for native speakers.<\/p>\n<p>To understand, let\u2019s break down the situations where you\u2019ll use the present perfect tense with an <em>indefinite time<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Situation 1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When describing an experience.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Meaning, you want to describe something you\u2019ve had the experience of doing without describing the actual event. This is also commonly used in the negative form.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>I\u2019ve<\/em><\/strong> never <strong><em>been<\/em><\/strong> to a professional baseball game.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That means you\u2019ve never had the experience of going to a professional baseball game. There is no definite time associated with the experience.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Joey has tasted<\/em><\/strong> ice cream before.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>That means Joey has at some point tasted ice cream before. There\u2019s no specific time when the experience happened, but Joey tasted ice cream at some point.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>She has flown<\/em><\/strong> on a plane.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>They have seen<\/em><\/strong> the movie.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Todd has visited<\/em><\/strong> children in the hospital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Situation 2<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When talking about something that has changed over time.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>He <strong><em>has become<\/em><\/strong> more generous since his mother died.<\/li>\n<li>The company <strong><em>has evolved<\/em><\/strong> over time.<\/li>\n<li>They <strong><em>have grown<\/em><\/strong> fond of their new step father.<\/li>\n<li>Brittany <strong><em>has improved<\/em><\/strong> a lot since we moved her to another department.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Situation 3<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When speaking about an accomplishment without a specific time.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The lab <strong><em>has discovered<\/em><\/strong> many treatments for cancer.<\/li>\n<li>Robby <strong><em>has learned<\/em><\/strong> how to play the bass guitar.<\/li>\n<li>Scientists <strong><em>have developed<\/em><\/strong> a new way to fight the virus.<\/li>\n<li>They <strong><em>have conquered<\/em><\/strong> many obstacles in their fight to save the species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Situation 4<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When describing an action that hasn\u2019t happened, but you <strong>expect it to happen<\/strong>. Use negative form in this situation.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The train <strong><em>hasn\u2019t arrived<\/em><\/strong> yet.<\/li>\n<li>It <strong><em>hasn\u2019t stopped<\/em><\/strong> raining.<\/li>\n<li>He <strong><em>hasn\u2019t finished<\/em><\/strong> milking the cows.<\/li>\n<li>They <strong><em>haven\u2019t learned<\/em><\/strong> how to speak Spanish.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Situation 5<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When describing many actions that happened at various times.<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>We\u2019ve taken<\/em><\/strong> six tests so far this year.<\/li>\n<li>The company <strong><em>has spoken<\/em><\/strong> with several technicians, but they can\u2019t find someone who can erase the virus.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>He\u2019s met<\/em><\/strong> with many advisors, but it seems he won\u2019t be able to settle outside of court.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>We\u2019ve had<\/em><\/strong> many problems while building our house.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Please note that in the last example the building of the house is not a finished process. If it is, use the past simple tense.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Situation 6<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>When using an expression of time.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This situation can be tricky. The present perfect tense is always an expression of an action that happened at an indefinite time.<\/p>\n<p>However, you still can use the present perfect tense when talking about something that happens within a time frame but <strong>doesn\u2019t name a specific time<\/strong>. Often, these expressions will follow with indicators like: <em>in the past month, in the past year, this month, up to this point, so far, recently, etc\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>**Note** \u2018Last\u2019 (month, week, year, etc..) and \u2018in the last\u2019 or \u2018in the past\u2019 (month, week, year, etc&#8230;) have different meanings.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Last year means the year before the current year, and last month means the month before this month. Since, <em>last<\/em> means you\u2019re talking about a specific time, it requires the simple past tense.<\/p>\n<p>In the last year, means from 365 days ago until that moment. In the last month, means 30\/31 days ago up to that moment. So, in the last\/past means you\u2019re not talking about a specific time and requires the present perfect tense.<\/p>\n<p>Examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>My car <strong><em>has broken down<\/em><\/strong> three times in the past month.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>We\u2019ve visited<\/em><\/strong> my mother in the hospital six times in the past two weeks.<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>I\u2019ve worked<\/em><\/strong> for three restaurants in the past year.<\/li>\n<li>The company <strong><em>has hired<\/em><\/strong> four managers in the past two years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Use #2<\/em>: <em>When describing an action that began in the past but continues into the present.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Generally, you\u2019ll use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecenglish.com\/learnenglish\/lessons\/non-continuous-verbs\">non-continuous verbs<\/a> in this situation, but there are exceptions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>She <strong>has been<\/strong> at the office since Monday.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>I <strong>have had<\/strong> a fever since 9pm.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>He\u2019s loved<\/em><\/strong> beer since he was in college.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Using the present perfect tense, you\u2019ll be able to express actions in more effective ways. Keep practicing, and you will be able to master this verb tense.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article focuses on the present perfect tense, one of the 12 English verb tenses. Read on to learn how and when to use this tense!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":422,"featured_media":3810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5072],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[5091],"class_list":["post-3818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-learning"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Present Perfect Tense: How and When to Use It - Magoosh Blog \u2014 IELTS\u00ae Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article focuses on the present perfect tense, one of the 12 English verb tenses. 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