{"id":10608,"date":"2017-07-05T16:53:24","date_gmt":"2017-07-05T23:53:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/?p=10608"},"modified":"2017-07-02T16:54:40","modified_gmt":"2017-07-02T23:54:40","slug":"ap-calculus-logistics-growth-model","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/ap\/ap-calculus-logistics-growth-model\/","title":{"rendered":"AP Calculus BC Review: Logistics Growth Model"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>What is the logistics growth model, and how does it work in problems on the AP Calculus BC exam?  This review article will explain what you need to know for the test.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/shutterstock_157936598.jpg\" alt=\"taking notes about AP Calculus Logistics Growth Model\" width=\"500\" height=\"334\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/shutterstock_157936598.jpg 500w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/shutterstock_157936598-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>The Logistics Growth Model<\/h2>\n<p>The <strong>logistics growth model<\/strong> is a certain <strong>differential equation<\/strong> that describes how a quantity might grow quickly at first and then level off.<\/p>\n<p>Let <em>y<\/em> stand for the quantity, which is often population.  In the logistics model, <strong>the rate of change of <em>y<\/em> is <em>proportional<\/em> to both the amount present and the different between the amount and a fixed carrying capacity, <em>M<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In mathematical language, we would say there is a positive constant <em>k<\/em> such that:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation.gif\" alt=\"Logistics equation\" width=\"128\" height=\"38\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation.gif 128w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation-30x9.gif 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The following equivalent form of the equation is also useful (though the constant <em>k<\/em> may have a different value).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation2.gif\" alt=\"Logistics growth model, version 2\" width=\"140\" height=\"38\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation2.gif 140w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation2-30x8.gif 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3>Interpreting the Model<\/h3>\n<p>Most often on the AP Calculus BC exam, your job will be to interpret the model.  You should be able to find out characteristics of the model without explicitly solving for <em>y<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Based on the form of the differential equation, we can find the general shape of the logistics model.  The resulting graph is the <strong>logistics curve<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_plot.png\" alt=\"Logistics curve\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_plot.png 300w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_plot-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>There are a few important things to note.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The value of <em>y<\/em> always increases over time.  (It&#8217;s a <em>growth<\/em> model, after all!)<\/li>\n<li>As <em>t<\/em> &rarr; &infin;, the value of <em>y<\/em> tends to <em>M<\/em>.  This means that in the long run, the population tends to approach its carrying capacity.  It will never exceed <em>M<\/em>.  In fact, <em>y<\/em> will never actually reach <em>M<\/em>, but just get arbitrarily closer.<\/li>\n<li>Related to the last point, the line <em>y<\/em> = <em>M<\/em> is a horizontal asymptote for the curve.  (See <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/ap\/find-horizontal-asymptotes\/\">How do you Find the Horizontal Asymptotes of a Function?<\/a> for more details.)<\/li>\n<li>The curve passes through a certain <strong>initial value<\/strong>, <em>y<\/em> = <em>a<\/em>.  We&#8217;ll talk more about this below.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Example 1<\/h3>\n<p>Find the limit of the function <em>P<\/em>(<em>t<\/em>) as <em>t<\/em> &rarr; &infin; if <em>P<\/em>&nbsp;&#039; = 7.2<em>P<\/em>(3200 &#8211; <em>P<\/em>).<\/p>\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\n<p>First of all, you have to recognize it&#8217;s a logistics model problem.  Otherwise, you might lose valuable time trying to solve the differential equation.<\/p>\n<p>In this question, we can identify <em>k<\/em> = 7.2, <em>M<\/em> = 3200, and treat the variable <em>P<\/em> just like <em>y<\/em> in the logistics model.<\/p>\n<p>We know that the value of <em>P<\/em> must approach the carrying capacity.  According to the form of the equation, that would be <em>M<\/em> = 3200.<\/p>\n<p>So just like that, with hardly any work at all, you got the final answer!  It pays to know your concepts rather than have to work everything out from scratch.<\/p>\n<h2>The Logistics Function<\/h2>\n<p>Even though most problems about the logistics growth model involve the differential equation itself, you also need to know its general solution.<\/p>\n<p>The solution to the logistics differential equation, <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation.gif\" alt=\"Logistics equation\" width=\"128\" height=\"38\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation.gif 128w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_equation-30x9.gif 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 128px) 100vw, 128px\" \/> is:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/Logistics_solution.gif\" alt=\"Logistics function\" width=\"119\" height=\"39\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10619\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/Logistics_solution.gif 119w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/Logistics_solution-30x10.gif 30w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 119px) 100vw, 119px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Here, <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>M<\/em> is still the carrying capacity.<\/li>\n<li><em>k<\/em> is a positive constant that controls rate of growth.<\/li>\n<li><em>b<\/em> is a constant that helps to control where the curve crosses the <em>y<\/em> axis.<br \/>\n In fact, <em>a<\/em> = <em>M<\/em>\/(1+<em>b<\/em>) is the <em>y<\/em>-intercept, or <em>initial value<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Example 2<\/h3>\n<p>Find the carrying capacity and initial population if the population fits the following model.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/hs\/files\/2017\/06\/logistics_example2.gif\" alt=\"logistics model example\" width=\"150\" height=\"39\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10620\" \/><\/p>\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\n<p>As before, just recognizing that this is a logistics growth model is key.<\/p>\n<p>This time, though, we have the &#8220;solution&#8221; function rather than the differential equation.  But just compare this to the known solution, identifying <em>M<\/em> = 108,000 and <em>b<\/em> = 17.<\/p>\n<p>The carrying capacity is <em>M<\/em> = 108,000.<\/p>\n<p>The initial population is <em>a<\/em> = <em>M<\/em>\/(1+<em>b<\/em>) = 108,000\/(1 + 17) = 6000.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is the logistics growth model, and how does it work in problems on the AP Calculus BC exam? Read this article to find out!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":223,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[240],"tags":[241],"ppma_author":[24932],"class_list":["post-10608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ap","tag-ap-calculus"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>AP Calculus BC Review: Logistics Growth Model - Magoosh Blog | High School<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is the logistics growth model, and how does it work in problems on the AP Calculus BC exam? 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