{"id":15729,"date":"2024-10-01T09:00:58","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T16:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/?p=15729"},"modified":"2017-01-18T13:23:43","modified_gmt":"2017-01-18T21:23:43","slug":"active-reading-strategies-for-the-gre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/active-reading-strategies-for-the-gre\/","title":{"rendered":"Active Reading Strategies for the GRE"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"A<\/p>\n

Here’s your mission:<\/strong> Read the following passage and then we\u2019ll talk:<\/p>\n

Passage<\/h3>\n

Once American men returned from the WWII battlefields, they quickly displaced the women who had temporarily filled jobs otherwise reserved for men. With most women reverting to their domestic roles, the dramatic increase in the number of infants born is perhaps not too surprising. Yet, such factors alone cannot explain the increase in the number of births from 1946-1951. Murray suggests that both women and men\u2019s perspectives changed, mostly because of America\u2019s success in the war. This optimism, in part, fueled the rapid growth in population. However, many argue that women, in returning to the home, were able to focus on raising a family, regardless of their levels of optimism.<\/em><\/p>\n

Welcome Back!<\/h3>\n

Without looking at the passage above (you might want to put your hand over the passage or scroll down a bit to hide it), try to recount what you just read. Speak the words aloud–pretend that you are giving your friend a general recap of the passage.<\/p>\n

If you come up with a statement that sounds something like this: \u201cIt was about women in America and how they had more kids,\u201d then it’s likely that your attention waned after the first couple of sentences; it might have even derailed by the time you got to the name \u201cMurray\u201d (you might not even remember reading that name).<\/p>\n

Passive Reading<\/h2>\n

Like many people who haven’t had to spend much time laser-focused on the content of short, info-dense passages, you probably had difficulty formulating a\u00a0thorough summary of the text. This is in large part because\u00a0your brain was in passive mode: it was simply stringing words together, and, once word was piled upon word, it got lost in the woods, so to speak. Don\u2019t worry. You are not alone. 99% of the adult population would respond similarly. <\/p>\n

Here’s the thing: GRE passages are meant to be so dull that,\u00a0after the first couple of lines, your attention is likely to wander. The good news is that we can use the predictability of GRE passages to our advantage. To do so, we need to understand how a paragraph is designed.<\/p>\n

Active Reading<\/h2>\n

By simplifying all the major components in your head, you will easily be able to come up with what I call a \u201csnapshot” \u2014 a simplification of the important parts of the paragraph. Also, by paying attention to structure words, you won\u2019t get lost in the sea of information.<\/p>\n

Categorizing the passage in this way is what I call\u00a0active reading<\/strong>, the topic of this post. Below, I discuss\u00a0how to read actively.<\/p>\n

The three Tenets of Active Reading<\/h2>\n

1. Notice Connections Between Paragraphs<\/h3>\n

The paragraph at the beginning of this post represents\u00a0one possible paragraph structure. You\u2019ll want to open up a GRE book (preferably the Official Guide) to\u00a0see how the passages, especially the longer ones, are organized. They actually don\u2019t vary much from the passage above.<\/p>\n

Early in the text, a\u00a0field of study will often be mentioned. Then a theory from this field\u00a0will be mentioned. Evidence supporting this theory will typically follow. In\u00a0longer passages, the author might\u00a0critique the theory or contrast it with some other theory.<\/p>\n

Once you can recognize and anticipate these structures, it will be easier for you to categorize the information\u00a0in the passage.<\/p>\n

2. Pay Attention to \u201cStructure Words\u201d<\/h3>\n

\u201cStructure words\u201d make up\u00a0the glue that holds the paragraph together. But they are more than that: they show us how the sentences are logically connected.<\/p>\n

Here are five of the most important types of structure words. The one you should pay the most attention to is \u201ccontrast words.\u201d<\/p>\n

Contrast words<\/u><\/p>\n

however, though, although, still, nonetheless, at the same time, on the other hand, otherwise, but, yet, notwithstanding<\/em><\/p>\n

Intensifying words<\/u><\/p>\n

indeed, moreover, in fact<\/em><\/p>\n

Illustrative words<\/u><\/p>\n

for example, for one, to illustrate<\/em><\/p>\n

Cause words<\/u><\/p>\n

because, since, for that reason<\/em><\/p>\n

Effect words<\/u><\/p>\n

therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a result<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Make Connections Within Paragraphs<\/h3>\n

It\u2019s okay to slow down for a second and even look away from the screen. You\u2019ll want to \u201cdigest\u201d what\u2019s being said. This is the golden pillar of\u00a0active reading. Specifically, ask yourself, \u201cwhat is the paragraph saying?\u201d I call these ‘paragraph snapshots.’ You force yourself to make important connections in the paragraph while summarizing key points in your head.<\/p>\n

You might be thinking, \u201cDoesn\u2019t that take a long time?\u201d Well, when you get to the end of the passage, you\u2019ll have a very good idea of\u00a0what the passage is about. Consequently, you\u2019ll be able to answer the questions more easily than if you had to\u00a0hesitate among\u00a0possible answer choices (which typically happens when you have an imperfect understanding of the passage). In the end, reading actively saves you time.<\/p>\n

You don\u2019t need to understand every detail in the paragraph. It’s best to come back to this only if a detail is related to a question. Seeing the\u00a0text a second time and within the context of a\u00a0question will often make it is easier to digest.<\/p>\n

Apply What You\u2019ve Learned<\/h2>\n

It\u2019s easy to understand how active reading works. It is much harder to apply. Our basic instinct is to try to get through the passage as quickly as possible. If your RC practice is currently focused on improving your reading speed<\/em>, you might want to reevaluate how your approach. Again, by more effectively \u201cpackaging\u201d textual\u00a0information the first time around, you\u2019ll be both more efficient and more accurate when you answer the questions.<\/p>\n

Tips to Help you Read Actively<\/h2>\n

1) Look away from the passage after each paragraph<\/h3>\n

This is a strategy to get your brain used to taking snapshots of the paragraph. If you’re focused on the screen, it’s easy to become distracted by the words dancing in front of your face. By looking\u00a0away, you can more easily\u00a0come up with a quick summary, or snapshot: \u201cIt\u2019s about two different theories on the population increase after WWII. One is that people were more optimistic about starting families; the other that women who were working were able to go back and start a family.\u201d<\/p>\n

2) Take Notes…(for a while)<\/h3>\n

Sometimes it\u2019s hard to organize the clutter of thoughts pin-balling through your head as you read a passage. Start off by taking short notes. The ultimate goal, though, is to wean yourself off written summaries so that you’ll only need to take mental snapshots.<\/p>\n

3) Look Away After You\u2019ve Read the Passage<\/h3>\n

The same as point #1, except now you\u2019ll want to answer the question: \u201cWhat was the primary purpose of the passage?\u201d Putting this in your own words is a good idea, since, especially on longer passages, there’s typically a question that asks you to do so.<\/p>\n

Active Reading in Action<\/h2>\n

Let’s take the paragraph from the beginning of the post and dissect it\u00a0the way you should if you’re actively reading the passage.<\/p>\n

Passage…again<\/h3>\n

With most women reverting to their domestic role, the dramatic increase in the number of infants born is perhaps not too surprising. Yet<\/strong>, such factors alone cannot explain the increase in the number of births from 1946-1951. Murray suggests that both women and men\u2019s perspectives changed, mostly because of America\u2019s success in the war. This optimism, in part, fueled the rapid growth in population. However<\/strong>, many argue that women, in returning to the home, were able to focus on raising a family, regardless of their levels of optimism. <\/em><\/p>\n

Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n

The most important structure words are contrast words, because they change the direction of the paragraph. In other words, someone\u2014it could be the author or somebody the author talks about in the passage\u2014disagrees with something or somebody else in the passage. Understanding the twists and turns in the paragraph that result from \u201ccontrast words\u201d is key to understanding the passage. Remember, the passage is not just about imparting information; it is about subtle distinctions that arise from a debate.<\/p>\n

In that initial paragraph, notice how the first sentence introduces the topic. After that, it is straight into a contrast word. Therefore, the second sentence does not completely agree with the first.<\/p>\n

1st sentence<\/u>: women returning to home cause of more babies
\n2nd sentence<\/u>: other factors also account for more babies<\/p>\n

Notice that the second\u00a0sentence does not completely<\/em> disagree with the first\u00a0sentence. It just qualifies, or limits, the first sentence.<\/p>\n

In the\u00a0next sentence, we get Murray\u2019s view. Always notice when the author brings up another point of view.<\/p>\n

Murray\u2019s view<\/u>: people became more optimistic; made more babies<\/p>\n

Now there’s another contrast word: “however.” This signals that we are getting another point of view.<\/p>\n

Other view<\/u>: women were able to focus on raising a family<\/p>\n

One Final Point<\/h2>\n

Once you\u2019ve noticed the relationships between sentences in a paragraph and the meanings they convey, you will be able to deal with the questions more confidently. Indeed, you\u2019ll be able to formulate an answer in your head. And if you do have to consult the passage (as you should), you\u2019ll know where to look.<\/p>\n

All in all, becoming an adept active reader will help you home in on the correct answer instead of having to\u00a0fumble frantically through the morass of words that make up the answer choices.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Here’s your mission: Read the following passage and then we\u2019ll talk: Passage Once American men returned from the WWII battlefields, they quickly displaced the women who had temporarily filled jobs otherwise reserved for men. 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He's been quoted as a subject expert in many publications, including<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/education\/best-colleges\/slideshows\/10-test-prep-tips-for-sat-and-act-takers\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> US News<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mba.com\/exams-and-exam-prep\/gmat-exam\/why-take-the-gmat-in-2021-when-many-schools-are-test-optional\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> GMAC<\/a>, and<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessbecause.com\/news\/gmat\/3263\/mba-admissions-gre-challenges-gmat\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Business Because<\/a>.\r\n"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15729","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15729"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15729\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15729"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15729"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15729"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gre\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=15729"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}