{"id":4192,"date":"2014-01-06T09:00:01","date_gmt":"2014-01-06T17:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/?p=4192"},"modified":"2020-01-15T10:48:47","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T18:48:47","slug":"gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"GMAT Grammar: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"

This is a funny grammar topic.\u00a0 It’s so basic, that it would not be tested directly on a GMAT Sentence Correction question, and yet getting clear on these issues can clear up some confusion about grammar questions.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Direct Object<\/h2>\n

The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb.\u00a0 The subject of an active verb is the “doer” of the action, and the direct object has the action done to it.<\/p>\n

1) The man bought a loaf of bread.<\/i><\/p>\n

Of course, in that sentence, the “man” is the subject, the “doer” who is performing the action of “buying”, and the “loaf of bread” is the direct object, the passive recipient of the action. It would be nothing noteworthy for a human being to be the subject, to buy or sell: we do that all the time.\u00a0 It would be a crime throughout the civilized world for a human being to the direct object, to be bought or sold: that implies slavery, which is banned by all nations but regrettably continues in some forms<\/a>.\u00a0 Being a subject or a direct object makes a big difference!<\/p>\n

Notice that neither the subject nor the direct object has to be a noun-word: either could be a larger grammatical structure acting as a noun.\u00a0 Infinitive phrases<\/a> and substantive clauses<\/a> act as nouns, and could be either the subject or the direct object.<\/p>\n

Also, notice what happens to personal pronouns:<\/p>\n

2) I saw him.\u00a0 He saw me.<\/i><\/p>\n

The subjects are in the both in the subjective forms (I, he, she, we, they), and the direct objects are both in the objective forms (me, him, her, us, them).<\/p>\n

Now, you may wonder, do all verbs take direct objects?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Transitive and Intransitive<\/h2>\n

As it turns out, all verbs are divided into two categories: transitive and intransitive.\u00a0 A transitive<\/b> verb is a verb that takes a direct object, that “feels incomplete” without a direct object.\u00a0 Examples include:<\/p>\n

to buy<\/i><\/p>\n

to lay<\/i><\/p>\n

to say<\/i><\/p>\n

to sell<\/i><\/p>\n

to suspect<\/i><\/p>\n

to visit<\/i><\/p>\n

Each one of these takes a direct object.\u00a0 If I say simply: “He bought” or “He said” or “He suspected”, then you would be want to know “WHAT<\/i>?” — what did he buy? what did he say? what did he suspect?\u00a0 The verbs, by their meaning, demand a direct object and sound logically incomplete without one.<\/p>\n

Intransitive<\/b> verbs do not take direct objects.\u00a0 They aren’t designed to accommodate a direct object.\u00a0\u00a0 Examples include:<\/p>\n

to breathe<\/i><\/p>\n

to exist<\/i><\/p>\n

to die<\/i><\/p>\n

to go<\/i><\/p>\n

to lie<\/i><\/p>\n

None of these need a direct object.\u00a0 If I say, “he breathed” or “he went” or “he walked”, then you might be curious about “when? where? how? why?”, but there is no sensible “what” question to ask.\u00a0 In each case, the verb-idea is complete without a direct object.<\/p>\n

Now, the issue is made much more confusing by the fact that many verbs can be used both in a transitive or intransitive sense.\u00a0 Examples include:<\/p>\n

to rank<\/i><\/p>\n

to walk<\/i><\/p>\n

to clean<\/i><\/p>\n

to close<\/i><\/p>\n

to concentrate<\/i><\/p>\n

to eat<\/i><\/p>\n

to open<\/i><\/p>\n

to sing<\/i><\/p>\n

It makes perfect sense to use each one of these without a direct object.\u00a0 “He spent the day cleaning<\/i>.”\u00a0 “The store opens and closes each day<\/i>.”\u00a0 “I am not able to concentrate<\/i>.” “Right now, she is eating<\/i>.”\u00a0 “I enjoy singing.<\/i>” — Those examples include a selection of verb forms, but in each case, the verb-idea is complete without a direct object.\u00a0 At the same time, for any of them, we could add a direct object and the verb would make sense.\u00a0 “She cleaned the carburetor<\/i>.”\u00a0 “He closed the window<\/i>.”\u00a0 “The scientist concentrated the acid<\/i>.”\u00a0 Many verbs have this flexibility.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Active & Passive<\/h2>\n

The GMAT prefers active<\/a> language, but at times passive verbs<\/a> are correct on the GMAT Sentence Correction.\u00a0 Whether a verb is active or passive is called verb voice<\/span>: the active voice and the passive voice of a verb.\u00a0\u00a0 Suppose P is the “doer”, the person or agent that performs the action, and suppose Q is the object that receives the action.\u00a0 If the active voice form is P [active verb] Q<\/b>, then the general passive voice form is Q [passive verb] “by” P<\/b>.\u00a0 For example,<\/p>\n

3a) Rachel<\/i><\/a> made the announcement<\/i>.\u00a0 = active voice<\/p>\n

3b) The announcement was made by Rachel<\/i>. = passive voice<\/p>\n

Notice that the direct object of the active voice form becomes the subject of the passive voice form.\u00a0 This means: in order to put a verb in the passive form, it must be a verb that, in the active form, can take a direct object.\u00a0 Only transitive verbs, or those verbs that have a transitive form, can be put into the passive voice<\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Participles<\/h2>\n

Every verb has two main participles<\/a>: (a) the present participle, i.e. the \u2013ing<\/i> form of the verb, and (b) the past participle, the form of the verb that followed “has<\/i>” or “have<\/i>” or “had<\/i>“; for regular verbs, the past participle is just he \u2013ed<\/i> past tense form of the verb.\u00a0\u00a0 These are used in constructive of verb tenses, such as the progressive<\/a> or perfect tenses<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In addition to their role as parts of verbs in various tenses, participles also take on a life of their own as modifiers.\u00a0\u00a0 Participles and participial phrases can act as adjectival phrases<\/a>, modifying nouns, or as adverbial phrases<\/a>, modifying verbs and entire clauses.<\/p>\n

Consider the verb “to eat” and its participles: the present participle “eating” and the past participle “eaten”.\u00a0 Notice that the present participle, “eating”, would describe a consumer, someone performing the action of eating, but the past participle, “eaten” would describe food, something that has been subject to the action of eating.\u00a0 In other words, the present participle is active, and the past participle is passive.\u00a0 A direct corollary of this is that only transitive verbs, or those verbs that have a transitive form, have a past participle that can used as a modifier.\u00a0 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

I’ll just add: there is seldom used third participle, the perfect participle, which is always “having” + [past participle].\u00a0 This is a past tense active participle, so this can be used as a modifier for all verbs, both transitive and intransitive, although this is a rare and highly sophisticated form that seldom appears on the GMAT.\u00a0 Here’s a sentence using a perfect participle as a modifier:<\/p>\n

4) Having <\/i>crossed the Rubicon<\/i><\/a>, <\/i>Caesar<\/i><\/a> was in violation of Roman law<\/i>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Summary<\/h2>\n

I hope this brief post clarified concepts in your mind and helped you understand why some forms of some verbs do not exist.\u00a0 If you would like to add anything or ask a question, please use the comment section below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This is a funny grammar topic.\u00a0 It’s so basic, that it would not be tested directly on a GMAT Sentence Correction question, and yet getting clear on these issues can clear up some confusion about grammar questions.   Direct Object The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb.\u00a0 The subject […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13209],"class_list":["post-4192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGMAT Grammar: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GMAT Grammar: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This is a funny grammar topic.\u00a0 It’s so basic, that it would not be tested directly on a GMAT Sentence Correction question, and yet getting clear on these issues can clear up some confusion about grammar questions.   Direct Object The direct object is the noun that receives the action of the verb.\u00a0 The subject […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshGMAT\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2014-01-06T17:00:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-15T18:48:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@MagooshGMAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MagooshGMAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/#\/schema\/person\/320346c205075513344435baf9b0521b\"},\"headline\":\"GMAT Grammar: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs\",\"datePublished\":\"2014-01-06T17:00:01+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\"},\"wordCount\":1106,\"commentCount\":11,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"GMAT Grammar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-transitive-and-intransitive-verbs\/\",\"name\":\"GMAT Grammar: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs - 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Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's Youtube video explanations.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured"],"award":["Magna cum laude from Harvard"],"knowsAbout":["GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/author\/mikemcgarry\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13209,"user_id":26,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mikemcgarry","display_name":"Mike M\u1d9cGarry","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b06de81592cd77bb46aa560cc59aee179cba4d042835c3529221ea1b344cce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"M\u1d9cGarry","first_name":"Mike","description":"Mike served as a GMAT Expert at Magoosh, helping create hundreds of lesson videos and practice questions to help guide GMAT students to success. He was also featured as \"member of the month\" for over two years at <a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/2012\/09\/mike-mcgarrys-gmat-experience\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Club<\/a>. Mike holds an A.B. in Physics (graduating <em>magna cum laude<\/em>) and an M.T.S. in Religions of the World, both from Harvard. Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youtube <\/a>video explanations and resources like <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/whats-a-good-gmat-score\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Good GMAT Score?<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-diagnostic-test\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Diagnostic Test<\/a>."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4192"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4192\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4192"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=4192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}