{"id":2966,"date":"2012-10-24T17:59:10","date_gmt":"2012-10-25T00:59:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/?p=2966"},"modified":"2020-01-15T10:50:22","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T18:50:22","slug":"gmat-plugging-in-strategy-always-start-with-answer-choice-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-plugging-in-strategy-always-start-with-answer-choice-c\/","title":{"rendered":"GMAT Plugging In Strategy: Always Start with Answer Choice C"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Learn this powerful math trick for GMAT Problem Solving questions.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First, try these two practice GMAT Quantitative section Problem Solving questions.<\/p>\n<p>1) Bert left the house with N dollars.\u00a0 He spent 1\/4 of this at the hardware store, then $7 at the dry cleaners, and then half of what was left at the grocery store.\u00a0 When he got home, he had $10 left in his pocket.\u00a0 What was the value of N?<\/p>\n<ul>\n\t(A) $36<br \/>\n\t(B) $44<br \/>\n\t(C) $52<br \/>\n\t(D) $60<br \/>\n\t(E) $68\n<\/ul>\n<p>2) Ms. Morris invested in Fund A and Fund B.\u00a0 The total amount he invested, in both funds combined, was $100,000. In one year, Fund A paid 23% and Fund B paid 17%.\u00a0 The interest earned in Fund B was exactly $200 greater than the interest earned in Fund A.\u00a0 How much did Ms. Morris invest in Fund A?<\/p>\n<ul>\n\t(A) $32,000<br \/>\n\t(B) $36,000<br \/>\n\t(C) $40,000<br \/>\n\t(D) $42,000<br \/>\n\t(E) $45,000\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-2968\" title=\"b_img1\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img1.png\" width=\"619\" height=\"43\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img1.png 774w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img1-300x20.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 619px) 100vw, 619px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n\t(A) 13<br \/>\n\t(B) 22<br \/>\n\t(C) 33<br \/>\n\t(D) 46<br \/>\n\t(E) 78\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>A powerful math trick<\/h2>\n<p>Do you notice what all three of these Problem Solving questions have in common?\u00a0 In all three, the five answer choices are <strong>numerical<\/strong>.\u00a0 Whenever an unknown is given in a word problem, and the answer choices are possible numerical values for this unknown, you can plug in.<\/p>\n<p>What does it mean to plug in (also known as &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/a>\/&#8221;)?\u00a0 Overall, this means that, rather than setting up, say, an algebraic solution to a problem, you will work &#8220;backwards&#8221;, from the answers first.\u00a0 I know that, in Algebra Two, your encrusted teacher might have warned you not to solve problems backwards from the answer choices.\u00a0 On the GMAT, though, time is of the essence, and plugging in is too efficient a strategy to pass up.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s how the plugging in strategy works.\u00a0 First of all, the GMAT always lists integer answer choices in numerical order, from least to greatest, exactly as these three sample problems do.\u00a0 Therefore, <strong>always start with answer choice (C)<\/strong>.\u00a0 You will pretend that the value of the unknown in the prompt is the value given in (C), and you will work through the &#8220;story&#8221; with that value, until you get to the end.\u00a0 At the end, the final value you get will either be too big, too small, or just right.\u00a0 If it&#8217;s just right, that means we were lucky, and (C) is the correct answer.\u00a0 If choosing (C) leads to a value that is too large, then you know the starting amount must be smaller than (C), so you can immediately eliminate (C) &amp; (D) &amp; (E).\u00a0 Similarly, if choosing (C) leads to a value that is too small, then you know the starting value must be larger than (C), and you can immediately eliminate (A) &amp; (B) &amp; (C).\u00a0 Do you realize how powerful a strategy is that, in one fell swoop, allows you to eliminate three of the five answer choices?\u00a0 If you were pressed for time, you could guess randomly from the remaining to answers, and the odds would be heavily in your favor (this is called &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/guessing-strategies-for-the-gmat\/\">solution behavior<\/a>&#8220;).<\/p>\n<p>Of course, if time is not a huge issue, you just repeat the process.\u00a0 If (C) is too small, try either (D) or (E) next.\u00a0 If (C) is too big, then try (A) or (B) next.\u00a0 By the end of the second plug in, you should know exactly what the answer is.<\/p>\n<p>As an example, I will solve sample problem #1.\u00a0 This one could be solved with a variety of mean, but to demonstrate the strategy, I will employ backsolving.\u00a0 Start with answer (C): let&#8217;s say that N = 52.\u00a0 Well, first Fred spends 1\/4, that is $13, at the hardware store, which leaves him with $39 dollars.\u00a0 Then, he spends $7 at the dry cleaners, leaving him with $32.\u00a0 Then he spends half at the grocery store, which leave him with $16.\u00a0 This is more than the $10 which he is supposed to have at the end of his trip.\u00a0 (C) led to a value that is too large, so right away, we know, (C) &amp; (D) &amp; (E) are all wrong.\u00a0 Now, try (B): let&#8217;s say N = $44.\u00a0 Well, first Fred spends 1\/4, that is $11, at the hardware store, which leaves him with $33 dollars.\u00a0 Then, he spends $7 at the dry cleaners, leaving him with $26.\u00a0 Then he spends half at the grocery store, which leave him with $13.\u00a0 This is still more than $10.\u00a0 (B) is also too big.\u00a0 This can only mean that (A) is the answer.\u00a0 Two plug ins, and you are done.\u00a0 If you were toward the end of the Quantitative section, and had oceans of time left, you could take the extra step of double-checking by backsolving with (A) to verify, but only do that extra step if you really feel that you have more than enough time remaining.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>More practice<\/h2>\n<p>Now that you&#8217;ve read this section, give those other two problems a try with plugging in, before reading the solutions below.\u00a0 Here&#8217;s another Magoosh problem on which you can also practice:<\/p>\n<p>4) <a href=\"http:\/\/gmat.magoosh.com\/questions\/9\">http:\/\/gmat.magoosh.com\/questions\/9<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Practice problem solutions<\/h2>\n<p>1) <strong>A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>2) This one could be solved with a good deal of hairy algebra, but backsolving is an incredibly efficient alternative.\u00a0 Let&#8217;s start with (C) &#8212; we&#8217;ll say Ms. Morris invested $40,000 in Fund A, which means she invested $60,0000 in fund B.\u00a0 In Fund A, she earned 23%, which was (0.23)*40000 = $9200.\u00a0 In Fund B, she earned 17%, which was (0.17)*60000 = $10200.\u00a0 Here, the interest earned in Fund B was $1000 more than the interest earned in Fund A, a bigger difference than we want.\u00a0 To make the difference smaller, we need less money in Fund B and more money in Fund A.\u00a0 Eliminate answers (A) &amp; (B) &amp; (C).\u00a0 Try D: We&#8217;ll say Ms. Morris invested $42,000 in Fund A, which means she invested $58,000 in Fund B.\u00a0 In Fund A, she earned 23%, which was (0.23)*42000 = $9660.\u00a0 In Fund B, she earned 17%, which was (0.17)*58000 = $9860.\u00a0 The difference is exactly $200, so <strong>D<\/strong> is the answer.<\/p>\n<p>3) For this one, a frontal assault with algebra is likely to be an unproductive disaster.\u00a0 Backsolving is really the way to go.\u00a0 Notice that each of the three terms increases as n increase, so we have reason to believe the value of a(n) increase as n increases.\u00a0 Let&#8217;s start with n= 33.\u00a0 We have to do a little arithmetic to figure out that 33^2 = 1089, but then we can calculate that<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2969\" title=\"b_img2\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img2.png\" width=\"452\" height=\"25\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img2.png 452w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img2-300x16.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>That&#8217;s much bigger than 500.\u00a0 Presumably, the very first term larger than 500 would not be that much bigger than 500.\u00a0 Let&#8217;s go down one, to (B).\u00a0 Suppose n = 22.\u00a0 Again, we have to do a little arithmetic to calculate that 22^2 = 484, but then we can compute:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img3.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2970\" title=\"b_img3\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img3.png\" width=\"427\" height=\"24\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img3.png 427w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/10\/b_img3-300x16.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Aha!\u00a0 This is just over 500, and the answers are spaced out enough, that the next one, (A), will undoubtedly be much smaller.\u00a0 Therefore, answer = <strong>B<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn this powerful math trick for GMAT Problem Solving questions.\u00a0 First, try these two practice GMAT Quantitative section Problem Solving questions. 1) Bert left the house with N dollars.\u00a0 He spent 1\/4 of this at the hardware store, then $7 at the dry cleaners, and then half of what was left at the grocery store.\u00a0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13209],"class_list":["post-2966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-math"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GMAT 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Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's Youtube video explanations.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured"],"award":["Magna cum laude from Harvard"],"knowsAbout":["GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/author\/mikemcgarry\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13209,"user_id":26,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mikemcgarry","display_name":"Mike M\u1d9cGarry","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b06de81592cd77bb46aa560cc59aee179cba4d042835c3529221ea1b344cce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"M\u1d9cGarry","first_name":"Mike","description":"Mike served as a GMAT Expert at Magoosh, helping create hundreds of lesson videos and practice questions to help guide GMAT students to success. He was also featured as \"member of the month\" for over two years at <a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/2012\/09\/mike-mcgarrys-gmat-experience\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Club<\/a>. Mike holds an A.B. in Physics (graduating <em>magna cum laude<\/em>) and an M.T.S. in Religions of the World, both from Harvard. Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youtube <\/a>video explanations and resources like <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/whats-a-good-gmat-score\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Good GMAT Score?<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-diagnostic-test\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Diagnostic Test<\/a>."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2966"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2966\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2966"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}