{"id":2560,"date":"2012-08-29T09:00:34","date_gmt":"2012-08-29T16:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/?p=2560"},"modified":"2020-01-15T10:50:30","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T18:50:30","slug":"gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/","title":{"rendered":"GMAT Grammar Rules: The Missing Verb Mistake"},"content":{"rendered":"

This post is about a patently obvious rule of grammar.\u00a0 Sometimes the most obvious rules are not so obvious in the midst of complexity.\u00a0 First, try this practice question about the famous 16th century Japanese military leader Oda Nobunaga<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Practice Question<\/h2>\n

In the 1560 Battle of Okehazama, in which the warlord Imagawa Yoshimoto was defeated and killed, Oda Nobunaga, recognizing that although being outnumbered ten to one, the terrain gave his smaller forc<\/span>e a decisive advantage.<\/p>\n

A. Nobunaga, recognizing that although outnumbered ten to one, the terrain gave his smaller force<\/p>\n

B. Nobunaga, recognizing that although they were outnumbered ten to one, the terrain giving his smaller force<\/p>\n

C. Nobunaga recognized that, although outnumbered ten to one, the terrain gave his smaller force<\/p>\n

D. Nobunaga recognized that, although his men were outnumbered ten to one, the terrain giving them<\/p>\n

E. Nobunaga recognized that, although his men were outnumbered ten to one, the terrain gave them<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The rule<\/h2>\n

As obvious as it may seem to say, every clause needs a verb.\u00a0 Period.\u00a0 This sounds simple, doesn’t it?\u00a0 Nevertheless, complexity lies<\/a> ahead.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Clauses<\/h2>\n

There are two kinds of clauses: independent and dependent (a.k.a. subordinate).\u00a0 An independent clause can be a stand-on-its-own sentence all by itself.\u00a0 Every sentence needs at least one independent clause, and if the sentence involves a coordinating conjunction<\/strong> (and, but, or, nor, yet, so) or a correlative conjunction (not only \u2026 but also, either \u2026 or, neither \u2026 nor, whether \u2026 or) it can join two independent clauses.<\/p>\n

A subordinating conjunction<\/strong> (after,\u00a0although,\u00a0as,\u00a0as if,\u00a0as long as,\u00a0as soon as,\u00a0as though, because, before, if, in order that, since, so, so that, than, though, unless until when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, while, etc.) begins a subordinate clause.\u00a0 This cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence — a complete sentence needs at least one independent clause.<\/p>\n

Both kind of clauses need a full subject + verb.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The missing verb mistake<\/h2>\n

Unlike some other grammar rules, these rules are univocally black and white.\u00a0 Despite the clarity, it is easy to get lost and lose track of where the verb is.\u00a0 That’s mistake #1: getting lost in the complexity of the sentence, and losing track of what the main verb is.<\/p>\n

Another common mistake, made often in colloquial English, is following a subordinating conjunction<\/a> not with a full noun + verb clause but with only an adjective or a participial phrase.\u00a0 Again, the complexity of the sentence on the GMAT SC may obscure something that would be more clearly wrong in a simple sentence.\u00a0 Consider these:<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0As seen on TV, your friends will envy how clean your platypus is when you use the Acme Platypus Washer.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0Wherever found in Nature, people are eager to mine and hoard diamonds.<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0Though widely publicized, the police have no leads on a possible perpetrator or even a motive for the crime.<\/p>\n

These three are wrong: you may feel that something is “off” about these.\u00a0 A caveat is that, while we need a full [noun] + [verb] structure after a subordinate conjunction, sometimes a short [pronoun] + [simple verb] can be implied, as long as the pronoun is unambiguous and the verb is clear.\u00a0 For example, this sentence would be correct:<\/p>\n

5) Although suspicious of organized religion, William Blake<\/a> wrote extensively about mysticism.<\/p>\n

In that sentence, the\u00a0[pronoun] + [simple verb] set “he was<\/em>” is implied: the pronoun is unambiguous and the verb is clear.\u00a0 Thus, #5 is correct.\u00a0 Notice that these conditions are not met in either #3 or #4 above.\u00a0 See this blog<\/a> for more discussion of this point.<\/p>\n

At this point, you may want to go back and review the question at the beginning, before reading the explanation below.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Practice Question Explanation<\/h2>\n

One of the splits in the answer choices is “recognizing” vs. “recognized”.\u00a0 Notice that the entire first part of the sentence, before Oda Nobunaga’s name, consists of prepositional phrase and modifying clauses.\u00a0 The verbs “was defeated and killed” is the verb of the subordinate clause following the words “in which”, so they can’t be the main verbs of the sentence.\u00a0 Everything after the word “that” is another subordinate clause, so the verbs “outnumbered” and “gave” cannot be the main verb either.\u00a0 We need a main verb.\u00a0 The only possibility is: “recognized.”\u00a0 We have to choose “recognized”, not “recognizing”.\u00a0 (A)<\/strong> and (B)<\/strong> are incorrect.<\/p>\n

What happens after the word “that” is tricky—there’s one subordinate clause nested inside another.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Both clause #1 and clause #2 need a full noun + verb structure.\u00a0 The classic mistake, I discussed above, would be if one or both of these clauses were replaced with a participial phrase.\u00a0 In fact, that’s exactly what we find in two of the answer choices.<\/p>\n

(C)<\/strong> clause #1 = participial phrase, clause #2 = noun + verb<\/p>\n

(D)<\/strong> clause #1 = noun + verb, clause #2 = participial phrase<\/p>\n

(E)<\/strong> clause #1 = noun + verb, clause #2 = noun + verb<\/p>\n

(C)<\/strong> and (D)<\/strong> make this classic mistake, so only (E)<\/strong> is grammatically correct.\u00a0 That is the best answer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This post is about a patently obvious rule of grammar.\u00a0 Sometimes the most obvious rules are not so obvious in the midst of complexity.\u00a0 First, try this practice question about the famous 16th century Japanese military leader Oda Nobunaga.   Practice Question In the 1560 Battle of Okehazama, in which the warlord Imagawa Yoshimoto was […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13209],"class_list":["post-2560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGMAT Grammar Rules: The Missing Verb Mistake - Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This post is about a patently obvious rule of grammar.\u00a0 Sometimes the most obvious rules are not so obvious in the midst of complexity.\u00a0 First, try this\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GMAT Grammar Rules: The Missing Verb Mistake\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This post is about a patently obvious rule of grammar.\u00a0 Sometimes the most obvious rules are not so obvious in the midst of complexity.\u00a0 First, try this\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshGMAT\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-08-29T16:00:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-15T18:50:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/files\/2012\/08\/you_need_a_verb_img1.jpg.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@MagooshGMAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MagooshGMAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/#\/schema\/person\/320346c205075513344435baf9b0521b\"},\"headline\":\"GMAT Grammar Rules: The Missing Verb Mistake\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-08-29T16:00:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/\"},\"wordCount\":828,\"commentCount\":21,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"GMAT Grammar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-rules-the-missing-verb-mistake\/\",\"name\":\"GMAT Grammar Rules: The Missing Verb Mistake - 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Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's Youtube video explanations.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured"],"award":["Magna cum laude from Harvard"],"knowsAbout":["GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/author\/mikemcgarry\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13209,"user_id":26,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mikemcgarry","display_name":"Mike M\u1d9cGarry","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b06de81592cd77bb46aa560cc59aee179cba4d042835c3529221ea1b344cce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"M\u1d9cGarry","first_name":"Mike","description":"Mike served as a GMAT Expert at Magoosh, helping create hundreds of lesson videos and practice questions to help guide GMAT students to success. He was also featured as \"member of the month\" for over two years at <a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/2012\/09\/mike-mcgarrys-gmat-experience\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Club<\/a>. Mike holds an A.B. in Physics (graduating <em>magna cum laude<\/em>) and an M.T.S. in Religions of the World, both from Harvard. Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youtube <\/a>video explanations and resources like <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/whats-a-good-gmat-score\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Good GMAT Score?<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-diagnostic-test\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Diagnostic Test<\/a>."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2560\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2560"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}