{"id":2489,"date":"2012-08-07T17:53:32","date_gmt":"2012-08-08T00:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/?p=2489"},"modified":"2020-01-15T10:50:34","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T18:50:34","slug":"gmat-verbs-progressive-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"GMAT Verbs: Progressive Tense"},"content":{"rendered":"

We use verb tense to indicate the time of the action of the verb.\u00a0 Of course, the basic meat-and-potato tenses are past, present, and future.\u00a0 GMAT grammar would be very easier if these were the only tenses you had to know.\u00a0 But life is complicated, and therefore so is grammar.\u00a0 This article examines a variation on these tenses: the progressive tenses.\u00a0 The progressive tenses emphasize that the action discussed is in process, is happening right at the time specified.\u00a0 Another way to say it: the emphasis of the progressive tenses is simultaneity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Present Progressive<\/h2>\n

Consider the difference between these two sentences.<\/p>\n

1) I walk to work.\u00a0 [simple present tense]<\/p>\n

2) I am walking to work.\u00a0 [present progressive tense]<\/p>\n

This is one of the hardest distinctions for folks learning English as a second language to master, because is absent as a verb form in many other languages.\u00a0 The first describes a general condition that is true at the present time.\u00a0 The implication of sentence #1 is that I walk to work every day<\/em>, that this is repeated and ongoing condition in my life.\u00a0 Sentence #2 carries the implication that, at the very moment I speak it, I am performing the act of walking to work: for example, if a friend called on my cell phone while I was in the process of walking to work, I would say sentence #2.\u00a0 The emphasis of the present progressive is on the fact that articulating the action and performing the action are simultaneous.<\/p>\n

Notice that the form of the present progressive is the present form of the verb “to be” plus the present participle —- the \u2013ing participle<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Past Progressive<\/h2>\n

Often, when describing a past action, it’s enough to say that the action happened.<\/p>\n

3) Yesterday evening, I walked my dog.<\/p>\n

That’s the simple past tense.\u00a0 That simply makes clear that the action happened in the past.\u00a0 Sometimes, we want to make an additional distinction clearer: we want to make clear exactly when the action was happening, or make clear that two things happened at the same time.\u00a0 For example:<\/p>\n

4) At 7:30 pm last night, I was walking<\/span> my dog.<\/p>\n

5) Yesterday evening, as I was walking<\/span> my dog, my broker called.<\/p>\n

The underlined verbs are in the past progressive.\u00a0 In both cases, we are emphasizing that the performance of the action was simultaneous with something else — with the clock time of 7:30 pm or with the phone-call from the broker.<\/p>\n

Notice the form of the past progressive is the past tense of the verb “to be” plus the present participle.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The Future Progressive<\/h2>\n

This is a relatively unusual case, which is somewhat unlikely to appear on the GMAT Sentence Correction.\u00a0 The distinction is analogous to that in the past tenses.\u00a0 Sometimes, it’s enough to say that an action will take place.<\/p>\n

6) Tomorrow, I will visit my grandmother.<\/p>\n

This is the simple future tense.\u00a0 This indicates only that, sometime in the 24 hour period of tomorrow, I will perform the action of visiting my grandmother.\u00a0 Under certain circumstances, we to make further specifications: we want to indicate either exactly when the action will take place or that two future actions will happen at the same time.<\/p>\n

7) Tomorrow at 2:30 pm, I will be visiting<\/span> my grandmother.<\/p>\n

8) Tomorrow afternoon, when my roommate will be practicing<\/span> for his opera performance, I will be visiting<\/span> my grandmother.<\/p>\n

The underlined verbs are in the future progressive.\u00a0 In both cases, we are emphasizing that the performance of the action will be simultaneous with something else: in the first, the action will be simultaneous with a clock time of 2:30 pm; in the second, the two actions, visiting grandma and practicing opera, are simultaneous.\u00a0 In fact, the subordinate conjunction “when” already emphasizes simultaneity, so some folks would argue that having both verbs in the future progressive with the word “when” is redundant, and should be emended to one of the following:<\/p>\n

8a) Tomorrow afternoon, when my roommate practices for his opera performance, I will be visiting<\/span> my grandmother.<\/p>\n

8b) Tomorrow afternoon, when my roommate practices for his opera performance, I will visit my grandmother.<\/p>\n

We can dispense with one or both of the present progressive verbs, because the word “when” already carries the connotation of simultaneity.\u00a0 These issues, deciding between sentences like 8 vs. 8a vs. 8b, is much more arcane than anything the GMAT Sentence Correction will ask you.<\/p>\n

Here are a couple GMAT-like Sentence Correction Practice Questions involving progressive tenses.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Practice Questions<\/h2>\n

1) Mozart<\/a> himself was a piano virtuoso, and the piano parts of his piano concerti, especially the mature work composed in 1784 and after, have astonishingly difficult finger work that having demanded<\/span> incomparable technique to produce the required elegance and precision.<\/p>\n

(A) that having demanded<\/p>\n

(B) which demanded<\/p>\n

(C) that had demanded<\/p>\n

(D) that demands<\/p>\n

(E) which is demanding<\/p>\n

2) Punctuated equilibrium<\/a> is a biological theory that regards evolution not as a gradual process by which one species slowly and continuously transforms into another, rather a process in which species were remaining stable for long periods and then have dramatic change<\/span> in isolated short bursts.<\/p>\n

(A) rather a process in which species were remaining stable for long periods and then have dramatic change<\/p>\n

(B) but as a process in which species remain stable for long periods and change dramatically<\/p>\n

(C) but a process in which species remain stable for long periods and then have dramatic change<\/p>\n

(D) yet as a process in which species remained stable for long periods and change dramatically<\/p>\n

(E) but also as a process in which species were remaining stable for long periods and were changing dramatically<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Practice Question Explanations<\/h2>\n

1) First, the “that-which” distinction, about which you can read more here<\/a>.\u00a0 As a general rule, when a clause is separated by commas from the rest of the sentence, it should use “which”, but when it follows the noun modified without the break of a comma, it should use “that.”\u00a0 That strongly suggests that (B) and (E) are not correct.<\/p>\n

Let’s look at the verb tenses:<\/p>\n

(A) having demanded = participle, not a verb at all = automatically wrong<\/p>\n

(B) demanded = verb in simple past tense<\/p>\n

(C) had demanded = verb in past perfect tense<\/p>\n

(D) demands = verb in simple present tense<\/p>\n

(E) is demanding = verb in present progressive tense<\/p>\n

In this situation, the Mozart piano concertos exist, and they have difficult finger work \u2013 in the present, this is the case.\u00a0 This difficult finger work demands incomparable technique, any time that a pianist sits down to play one of these concerti.\u00a0 It is a general present condition.<\/p>\n

All of this happens at the present time, and could happen today, so the past tense (B) is out.<\/p>\n

The past perfect tense indicate an action that happens before another past action, so this is complete inappropriate.\u00a0 (C) is right out.<\/p>\n

We do not mean to imply that, right as this sentence is spoken, someone happens to be playing a Mozart concerto right at that moment.\u00a0 That could be true by coincidence, but it is not the intent of the sentence to emphasize that simultaneity, so (E) is out.<\/p>\n

That leaves (D), the simple present tense, as the verb that most aptly describes any action that is generally true in present times though not necessarily true at this precise moment.\u00a0 Answer = D<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

2) First of all, the conjunction.\u00a0 The correct idiom is “not X but Y.”\u00a0 We need the second half of the sentence to begin with the word “but.\u00a0 (A) and (D) do not complete this idiom correct, so they are wrong.\u00a0 The construction “not X but also Y” confuses the “not X but Y” idiom with the “not only X but also Y” idiom — “not X but also Y” does not construct either correctly, so (E) is wrong.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, the X and Y must be parallel.\u00a0 The first part begins “as a gradual process by which \u2026”, so the second part, after the “but”, must also begin with “as” — only (B) does this, so that’s the correct answer.<\/p>\n

Notice also the verb tenses.\u00a0 (D) has a past tense in parallel with a present tense, so that’s wrong.\u00a0 Similarly, (A) has the past progressive in parallel with the present tense, so that’s also wrong.\u00a0 (E) has both verbs in the past progressive tense, but that’s unusual, because what we’re discussing is an ongoing process, how evolution continues to take place in the natural world.\u00a0 Both (B) and (C) have the simple present test, which is correct and which mirrors the simple present test of “transforms” before the underlined part.\u00a0 (C) does have the awkward wording, “have dramatic change”, instead of “change dramatically” — as a general rule, if you have a choice — action as noun vs. action as verb — always choose the latter.\u00a0 Actions should be expressed as verbs as much as possible.\u00a0 Again, this makes (B) the best answer.<\/p>\n

Answer = B<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

We use verb tense to indicate the time of the action of the verb.\u00a0 Of course, the basic meat-and-potato tenses are past, present, and future.\u00a0 GMAT grammar would be very easier if these were the only tenses you had to know.\u00a0 But life is complicated, and therefore so is grammar.\u00a0 This article examines a variation […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13209],"class_list":["post-2489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGMAT Verbs: Progressive Tense - Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GMAT Verbs: Progressive Tense\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We use verb tense to indicate the time of the action of the verb.\u00a0 Of course, the basic meat-and-potato tenses are past, present, and future.\u00a0 GMAT grammar would be very easier if these were the only tenses you had to know.\u00a0 But life is complicated, and therefore so is grammar.\u00a0 This article examines a variation […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MagooshGMAT\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-08-08T00:53:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-01-15T18:50:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@MagooshGMAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@MagooshGMAT\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mike M\u1d9cGarry\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/#\/schema\/person\/320346c205075513344435baf9b0521b\"},\"headline\":\"GMAT Verbs: Progressive Tense\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-08-08T00:53:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/\"},\"wordCount\":1482,\"commentCount\":16,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"GMAT Grammar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-verbs-progressive-tense\/\",\"name\":\"GMAT Verbs: Progressive Tense - 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Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's Youtube video explanations.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured"],"award":["Magna cum laude from Harvard"],"knowsAbout":["GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/author\/mikemcgarry\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13209,"user_id":26,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mikemcgarry","display_name":"Mike M\u1d9cGarry","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b06de81592cd77bb46aa560cc59aee179cba4d042835c3529221ea1b344cce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"M\u1d9cGarry","first_name":"Mike","description":"Mike served as a GMAT Expert at Magoosh, helping create hundreds of lesson videos and practice questions to help guide GMAT students to success. He was also featured as \"member of the month\" for over two years at <a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/2012\/09\/mike-mcgarrys-gmat-experience\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Club<\/a>. Mike holds an A.B. in Physics (graduating <em>magna cum laude<\/em>) and an M.T.S. in Religions of the World, both from Harvard. Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youtube <\/a>video explanations and resources like <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/whats-a-good-gmat-score\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Good GMAT Score?<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-diagnostic-test\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Diagnostic Test<\/a>."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2489\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2489"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=2489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}