{"id":1203,"date":"2012-03-15T16:26:02","date_gmt":"2012-03-15T23:26:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/?p=1203"},"modified":"2019-04-20T01:11:55","modified_gmt":"2019-04-20T08:11:55","slug":"gmat-grammar-the-subjunctive-tense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-the-subjunctive-tense\/","title":{"rendered":"GMAT Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Would that you understood this complex form, lest you be confused on GMAT Sentence Correction!<\/em><br \/>\nSome of the more difficult GMAT Sentence Correction questions will involve <strong>the subjunctive<\/strong>.\u00a0 What is the subjunctive?<\/p>\n<h2>Verb Moods<\/h2>\n<p>In addition to tenses (past, present, future) and number (singular vs. plural), verbs also have &#8220;moods&#8221;.\u00a0 English has three verb moods: (1) indicative, (2) imperative, and (3) subjunctive.\u00a0 The indicative is what you probably think of as ordinary English: simple statements of fact.\u00a0 Examples:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">The quality of mercy <strong>is<\/strong> not strained.\u00a0 (<em>indicative present<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">This <strong>was<\/strong> the unkindest cut of all.\u00a0 (<em>indicative past<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">Birnam wood <strong>shall come<\/strong> to Dunsinane.\u00a0 (<em>indicative future<\/em>)<\/p>\n<p>The imperative mood, not a likely subject for GMAT Sentence Correction, is only used in commands and instructions:<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">Friends, Romans, countrymen, <strong>lend<\/strong> me your ears.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\">To thine own self <strong>be<\/strong> true.<\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Mend<\/strong> your speech a little, lest it mar your fortunes.<\/p>\n<p>That last quote, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/King_Lear\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lear<\/a>&#8216;s words to Cordelia, is a two-for-one: the verb &#8220;mend&#8221; is in the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">imperative<\/span> mood, but the verb &#8220;mar&#8221; is in the <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">subjunctive<\/span> mood.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>The Subjunctive<\/h2>\n<p>When we are talking about plain facts and truths we know for certain, we use the indicative mood.\u00a0 The subjunctive is for everything that&#8217;s not so certain.\u00a0 We use the subjunctive to talk about:<\/p>\n<p>1) Counterfactual possibilities\u2014that is, hypothetical possibilities that, at the moment, simply are not true<\/p>\n<p>2) Doubtful possibilities<\/p>\n<p>3) Possibilities in the constructions such as &#8220;wish that&#8221;, &#8220;desire that&#8221;, or &#8220;lest that&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2>The Subjunctive for Counterfactual Possibilities<\/h2>\n<p>Even if something is not true at the moment, it may be an important possibility to consider.\u00a0 We use the past subjunctive in an &#8220;if&#8221; clause to discuss such counterfactual possibilities.<\/p>\n<p>If I <strong>were<\/strong> you, I <strong>would explain<\/strong> the situation to her immediately.<\/p>\n<p>Even if he <strong>had<\/strong> a million dollars, he still <strong>would complain<\/strong> about not having enough.<\/p>\n<p>If I <strong>read<\/strong> six books at once, I <strong>would confuse<\/strong> all the plots and characters.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The past subjunctive uses the plural past tense form of the verb.\u00a0 For most verbs, the past tense is the same for singular &amp; plural, but for the form &#8220;to be&#8221;, the singular past tense (&#8220;was&#8221;) is different from the plural past tense (&#8220;were&#8221;).\u00a0 This means, for most verbs, the past subjunctive will be indistinguishable from the past indicative; verb &#8220;to be&#8221; is the only verb that would reveal the difference.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Doubtful Possibilities<\/h2>\n<p>Sometimes we need to plan for things that are unlikely, but that could happen.\u00a0 We use the future subjunctive in an &#8220;if&#8221; clause to discuss such possibilities.<\/p>\n<p>If I <strong>were to win<\/strong> the lottery, I finally <strong>would buy<\/strong> a new car.<\/p>\n<p>If I <strong>were to learn<\/strong> Sanskrit, I <strong>would understand<\/strong> etymology much better.<\/p>\n<p>If he <strong>were to be<\/strong> the next <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pablo_Picasso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Picasso<\/a>, I <strong>would be<\/strong> very happy to have known him for so long.<\/p>\n<p>Notice: the form of the future subjunctive is &#8220;were&#8221; + the infinitive of the verb.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Wishes, Desires and &#8220;Lest&#8221;<\/h2>\n<p>We use the present subjunctive to express any wish\/desire\/etc. that is stated in a clause beginning with &#8220;that.&#8221;\u00a0 We also use the present subjunctive in clauses that follow the word &#8220;lest.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>My parents desire that I <strong>be<\/strong> famous.<\/p>\n<p>She hopes that she not <strong>be<\/strong> chosen for the committee.<\/p>\n<p>He wants to clear his name, lest he <strong>lose<\/strong> some of his civil rights.<\/p>\n<p>I study assiduously, lest I <strong>do<\/strong>\u00a0poorly on the GMAT.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>These may sound awkward, because fewer than 1% of the population uses these grammatical forms correctly.\u00a0 Notice that the present subjunctive is merely the infinite form of the verb without the &#8220;to&#8221;; for many verbs, this is identical to the indicative present, but we don&#8217;t add an &#8220;s&#8221; for the third-person singular (he\/she\/it).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>How Does One Learn the Subjunctive?<\/h2>\n<p>Since these forms are rarely used, and often used incorrectly, it&#8217;s hard to get the correct grammar into your ear.\u00a0 The best way is to read sophisticated material: scholar books, <em>The Economist<\/em> Magazine, the <em>New York Times<\/em>.\u00a0 When you are reading works like this, have your antennae up for the subjunctive, and write down in a journal examples you find of it.\u00a0 Over time, you will develop familiarity.<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s a free practice SC problem, using some of these ideas:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gmat.magoosh.com\/questions\/3573\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Republic<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Would that you understood this complex form, lest you be confused on GMAT Sentence Correction! Some of the more difficult GMAT Sentence Correction questions will involve the subjunctive.\u00a0 What is the subjunctive? Verb Moods In addition to tenses (past, present, future) and number (singular vs. plural), verbs also have &#8220;moods&#8221;.\u00a0 English has three verb moods: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[13209],"class_list":["post-1203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GMAT Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood - Magoosh Blog \u2014 GMAT\u00ae Exam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-grammar-the-subjunctive-tense\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GMAT Grammar: The Subjunctive Mood\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Would that you understood this complex form, lest you be confused on GMAT Sentence Correction! 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Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's Youtube video explanations.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured"],"award":["Magna cum laude from Harvard"],"knowsAbout":["GMAT"],"knowsLanguage":["English"],"jobTitle":"Content Creator","worksFor":"Magoosh","url":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/author\/mikemcgarry\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":13209,"user_id":26,"is_guest":0,"slug":"mikemcgarry","display_name":"Mike M\u1d9cGarry","avatar_url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/6b06de81592cd77bb46aa560cc59aee179cba4d042835c3529221ea1b344cce0?s=96&d=mm&r=g","user_url":"","last_name":"M\u1d9cGarry","first_name":"Mike","description":"Mike served as a GMAT Expert at Magoosh, helping create hundreds of lesson videos and practice questions to help guide GMAT students to success. He was also featured as \"member of the month\" for over two years at <a href=\"https:\/\/gmatclub.com\/blog\/2012\/09\/mike-mcgarrys-gmat-experience\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Club<\/a>. Mike holds an A.B. in Physics (graduating <em>magna cum laude<\/em>) and an M.T.S. in Religions of the World, both from Harvard. Beyond standardized testing, Mike has over 20 years of both private and public high school teaching experience specializing in math and physics. In his free time, Mike likes smashing foosballs into orbit, and despite having no obvious cranial deficiency, he insists on rooting for the NY Mets. Learn more about the GMAT through Mike's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/c\/MagooshGMATChannel\/featured\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youtube <\/a>video explanations and resources like <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/whats-a-good-gmat-score\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">What is a Good GMAT Score?<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/gmat-diagnostic-test\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GMAT Diagnostic Test<\/a>."}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1203"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1203\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1203"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/gmat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ppma_author?post=1203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}