{"id":4476,"date":"2021-04-09T08:39:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-09T15:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/?p=4476"},"modified":"2021-04-11T12:19:02","modified_gmt":"2021-04-11T19:19:02","slug":"compound-nouns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/compound-nouns\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Compound Nouns? Definition, Examples, &amp; More"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><strong>Compound nouns<\/strong><\/em> and words are essential parts of any English speaker\u2019s toolbox. The sentence you just read even contains an example of one (hint: the last word). However, we often take compound nouns for granted because they are so commonplace (I did it again!). So, what are compound nouns and why do we need them? Moreover, if they\u2019re so common, what are some examples of compound nouns? Finally, are these terms meant to be used as a single word, separate words, or two words connected by a hyphen?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We will answer all of these questions and more, but first, let\u2019s provide a proper definition of the term:<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Compound Noun Definition<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A compound noun is a noun that is made up of two words that, if separated, could stand on their own. When two distinct words are combined to form a noun, they take on a new meaning that may or may not be related to either of the original words. For example, \u201cice cream\u201d is a compound noun. Both words \u2014 ice (frozen water) and cream (a dairy product made from skimming fat from the top of milk) \u2014 have their own distinct definitions, but when combined, they turn into a delicious, frozen treat! As a result, compound nouns are an essential part of the English language.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s also important to note that compound words are not specific to nouns. There are also compound verbs \u2014 like \u201cask for\u201d and \u201ckickstart\u201d \u2014 as well as compound adjectives like \u201cgood-looking\u201d and \u201cold-fashioned.\u201d There are even compound adverbs, like \u201ctherefore\u201d and \u201cvery well.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, you can\u2019t just put any combination of words together to form a compound word. There\u2019s no such thing as a \u201cclass flush\u201d or \u201clobster banana.\u201d That said, there are literally thousands of examples of compound words throughout the English language!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Compound Nouns List<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It would be impossible to list all of the compound nouns that exist in this article. However, we can list some common and useful examples to help you expand your vocabulary! So, here are some examples of compound nouns organized by category:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Common Nouns<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As you can imagine, common compound nouns are frequently used to refer to different people, places, and things. When referring to human beings, these terms often categorize a person or people by occupation, family member status, or more general groups. Here are a few examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Person<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Businessperson<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Flight attendant<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Firefighter<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brother-in-law<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyone<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everybody<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Place<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everywhere<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nowhere<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anywhere<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Seashore<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cornfield<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bus stop<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Thing<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Armchair<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cupboard<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Skateboard<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Football<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunglasses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Homework<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Proper Nouns<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Classifying proper nouns as compound nouns is a little tricky, as each word or word-part may not have a definition of its own. For example, \u201cBen Affleck\u201d is a compound noun, as it combines a first name (Ben) with a last name (Affleck) to form a full name that many people will recognize as the famous actor. However, names usually don\u2019t have inherent meanings, other than just being names. In any case, combining two names for people, places, or things results in a compound proper noun.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Person<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">William Shakespeare<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Barack Obama<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nelson Mandela<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cristiano Ronaldo<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Abraham Lincoln<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Oprah Winfrey<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Place<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Florida Keys<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Eiffel Tower<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">New York<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Atlantic City<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">United States<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">New Zealand<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Thing<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Berlin Wall<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Burger King<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Roman Catholic<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Coca-Cola<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Labor Day<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sunday<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Abstract Nouns<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Finally, there are hundreds of abstract compound nouns in English. These are compound words that you cannot observe with your five senses (touch, taste, smell, sight, or sound). Here are a few examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lifespan<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Self-confidence<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Common sense<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Birthday<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Freelance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Run-in<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>One word, two words, or hyphenated \u2014 which is correct?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thus far, you\u2019ve probably noticed that compound nouns come in three different forms. Sometimes compounds are two words combined to make one noun (closed compounds). Other times they are two words that remain separated by a space but still work together to create a noun (open compounds). Finally, you can have two words connected by a hyphen to form a new term (hyphenated compounds). So, which is the correct way of writing a compound noun?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The truth is that they are all correct \u2014 depending on the words and the context. Let\u2019s look at a few principles that should help you know when to hyphenate compound nouns, when to use two words separated by a space, and when to use just one word:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most compound proper nouns are formed by two words separated by a space, though there are exceptions (Sunday, Thanksgiving, etc).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a compound begins with \u201cself,\u201d you almost always use a hyphen (self-reliance, self-defeat, etc).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using a hyphen between an adjective and a noun can change the term from a compound noun to a compound adjective.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>General Rules for Compound Nouns<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To help you further, let\u2019s look at the general rules for different <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/parts-of-speech-in-english-overview\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">parts of speech<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> combinations:<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>First Word<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Second Word<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Type of Compound Noun<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Examples<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed or Open<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">lifeguard, travel agent, moonlight<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adjective<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed or Open<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">empty space, greenhouse, low tide\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preposition<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">overbite, insignificance, bystander<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed or Open<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">washing machine, breakfast, passport<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">butterfly, windfall, haircut<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preposition<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hyphenated<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">check-in, build-up, follow-up<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adjective<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hyphenated<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">dry-cleaning, well-being, merry-go-round<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preposition<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Closed<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">output, input, overdraft<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As you can see from the table above, many of the most common compounds can be opened or closed. This means you\u2019ll simply have to memorize the correct form for each word. However, when prepositions or verbs are involved, things get a little easier. For example, when an -ing verb precedes a noun, the resulting compound word is almost always open. When a preposition follows a verb or a verb follows an adjective, you almost always create hyphenated compound nouns. Finally, if a verb follows a preposition, the resulting compound will usually be closed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It\u2019s also important to remember that many common compound nouns can be either open or closed. Even with combinations that are almost always closed, open, or hyphenated (as indicated in the table above), you\u2019re bound to find a few exceptions. Since the rules are not always clear, many people choose which form they wish to use and just stick with it. For example, some people write \u201cseat belt\u201d (open compound), while others write \u201cseatbelt\u201d (closed compound). Though most dictionaries use the open compound, the closed version is widely accepted. This holds true for many other compounds as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Examples of Compound Nouns in Sentences<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now that you know some different compound nouns, it\u2019s time to learn how to use them! Here are a few examples using all of the different parts of speech combinations:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun + Noun<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I asked the waiter to put some <\/span><b><i>ice cubes<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in my drink.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everybody has to wear their <\/span><b><i>seat belt<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in my car.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b><i>neighborhood<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> gets bigger and bigger every year.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adjective + Noun<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He says that <\/span><b><i>real estate<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a stable investment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You should take the <\/span><b><i>highway<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">; it\u2019s much faster.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I want my <\/span><b><i>hot dog<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with extra mustard.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preposition + Noun<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My son needed braces to correct his <\/span><b><i>underbite<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I\u2019m starting to make <\/span><b><i>inroads<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with my boss.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His <\/span><b><i>indetermination<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> held the entire team back.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb + Noun<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The family gathered in the <\/span><b><i>living room<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to watch television.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The models started walking down the <\/span><b><i>runway<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to thunderous applause.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We believe the president has the <\/span><b><i>staying power<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to make it through the next election.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Noun + Verb<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b><i>rainfall<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was heavy that day.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I needed to use <\/span><b><i>eardrops<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to cure my dog\u2019s ear infection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The acrobat did ten <\/span><b><i>backflips<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in a row!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Verb + Preposition<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The <\/span><b><i>sit-in<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> helped draw attention to the issue of civil rights.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I got good news from the <\/span><b><i>follow-up<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> with my doctor.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gang members did a <\/span><b><i>drive-by<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> before leaving the scene of the crime.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adjective + Verb<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Her <\/span><b><i>well-wishes<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> didn\u2019t feel genuine.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He was supposed to pick up his <\/span><b><i>dry-cleaning<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> yesterday, but he forgot.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">His <\/span><b><i>well-being<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was my top priority.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preposition + Verb<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They provided an <\/span><b><i>overview<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of the new plan.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Buying a house is a huge <\/span><b><i>undertaking<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The generator\u2019s <\/span><b><i>output<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was too low to keep the power on.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compound nouns are just two words that work to form a new word or phrase. At first glance, they are pretty easy to understand. However, they can get complicated when you\u2019re writing them down, as you\u2019ll have to figure out whether to use open, closed, or hyphenated compounds. Fortunately, the rules are relatively lax (especially in informal writing), so don\u2019t be afraid to make a mistake! Over time, you\u2019ll learn the correct ways to write hundreds of different compound nouns in English!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We hope you found this guide useful! If you\u2019d like to hear a native English speaker using compound nouns in everyday conversations, be sure to subscribe to the Magoosh <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCKwaubtv7Pl6iQqGw97YEgg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Youtube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> channel or join our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/freespeakup\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook Group<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> today!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Compound nouns and words are essential parts of any English speaker\u2019s toolbox. The sentence you just read even contains an example of one (hint: the last word). However, we often take compound nouns for granted because they are so commonplace (I did it again!). So, what are compound nouns and why do we need them? [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":4484,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Are Compound Nouns? Definition, Examples, &amp; More<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Compound nouns and words are an essential part of any English speaker\u2019s toolbox. 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