{"id":4333,"date":"2021-04-07T23:39:50","date_gmt":"2021-04-08T06:39:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/?p=4333"},"modified":"2021-04-07T23:39:50","modified_gmt":"2021-04-08T06:39:50","slug":"helping-verbs-or-auxiliary-verbs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/helping-verbs-or-auxiliary-verbs\/","title":{"rendered":"Helping Verbs or Auxiliary Verbs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We use helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs with a main verb to help support and express the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mood, tense, or voice<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a main verb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In their infinitive forms, the key helping verbs used in English are: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to be, to have, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to do<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Here are their other forms:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>To be:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, will be<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>To have:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> have, has, had, having, will have<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>To do:<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> do, did, does, will do<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Expressing Tense with Helping Verbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As stated, helping verbs can help express the tense of a main verb and show when something happened, is happening, or will happen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Continuous Tense Examples:<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In each of these examples, the helping verb alters the continuous tense form.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She was <\/span><b><i>running <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for thirty minutes. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/past-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Past Continuous<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She is <\/span><b><i>running <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in the race today. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/present-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Present Continuous<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She will be <\/span><b><i>running <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">in tomorrow\u2019s race at 1pm. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/future-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future Continuous<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perfect Tense Examples<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In each of these examples, the helping verb \u2018to have\u2019 alters the perfect tense form.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I had <\/span><b><i>worked <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">70 hours. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/past-perfect-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Past Perfect<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I have <\/span><b><i>worked <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a lot this week. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/present-perfect-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Present Perfect<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I will have <\/span><b><i>worked <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">40 hours by this time next Tuesday. &#8211;<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/future-perfect-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future Perfect<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Perfect Continuous Tense Examples<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In each of these examples, the helping verb \u2018to have\u2019 and \u2018been\u2019 alters the perfect continuous tense form.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I had been <\/span><b><i>waiting <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for 30 minutes. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/past-perfect-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Past Perfect Continuous\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I have been <\/span><b><i>waiting <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for 30 minutes. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/present-perfect-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Present Perfect Continuous\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I will have been <\/span><b><i>waiting <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">for 30 minutes when the clock strikes 1p. &#8211; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/future-perfect-continuous-tense-how-and-when-to-use-it\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Future Perfect Continuous<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Expressing Mood with Helping Verbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sometimes the helping verb \u2018to do\u2019 can alter the mood of a sentence and turn it into a positive, negative, or an imperative statement or we can use it to ask a question. Here are some examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I do not want to go. &#8211; Negative<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I do love you. &#8211; Positive<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Don\u2019t take a step until we\u2019re sure it\u2019s safe. &#8211; Imperative<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you think about her? &#8211; Question<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Expressing Voice with Helping Verbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last, the helping verb \u2018to be\u2019 and it\u2019s many forms can change the voice of a sentence into the passive voice. In passive voice, the subject has an action done to it instead of doing the action.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The game was <\/span><b><i>won <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by the team from Arlington.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The gold is mainly <\/span><b><i>used <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by manufacturers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The electricity will be <\/span><b><i>switched off<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> around 3p.m. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Note: Switched off is a <\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/phrasal-verbs-the-ultimate-list\/\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">phrasal verb<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Modal Verbs (Auxiliary)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modal verbs are auxiliary or helping verbs that help express deeper meaning or ideas in a sentence like: intention, ability, necessity, possibility, permission, believe, and advice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Here are the most common modal verbs: may,<\/span><b><i> must, can, would, could, should, will, shall, and might.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, these modal verbs never change forms!<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modals expressing necessity<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You must go to the next town over if you want to find her.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They shouldn\u2019t walk over there.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We should make a promise not to overeat this holiday season.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modals expressing possibility<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She might go if she doesn\u2019t have an appointment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We could go if we\u2019re not tied up with work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I may stay if the weather is bad.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Modal verbs expressing ability<\/span><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I can do it if I put my mind to it!<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She could do it when she was younger.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I can\u2019t see anything.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">There are many, many more examples of modal verbs in use, so see our main page on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/modal-verbs-and-their-expressive-forms\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">modal verbs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to get the whole picture.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Three Points for ESL students to Remember about Helping Verbs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the examples above, we can see how helping verbs are used in different contexts. However, there are three common points that ESL students should remember about helping verbs as these points are often used incorrectly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>1. \u2018Could of\u2019, \u2018would of\u2019, and \u2018should of\u2019 are not words in English.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Often, English learners hear native speakers saying the contracted forms of \u2018could have\u2019, \u2018would have\u2019, and \u2018should have\u2019. Though they may sound like the speaker is using \u2018of\u2019 instead of the contraction \u2018-ve\u2019, the contractions are <\/span><b><i>could\u2019ve, would\u2019ve, and should\u2019ve.<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0 As in:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I could\u2019ve gone if I didn\u2019t have to work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She should\u2019ve told someone!<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He would\u2019ve been there if his tire hadn\u2019t blown out.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><i>2. \u2018Can\u2019t\u2019 is written out as \u2018cannot\u2019<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When writing, English speakers commonly spell out \u2018cannot\u2019 as one word instead of two. As in:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I cannot go outside without my jacket.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He cannot walk without his cane.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, cannot is sometimes spelled as \u2018can not\u2019 when the writer wants to emphasize something.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I can not go with you tomorrow!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><i>3. \u2018Can\u2019 is a modal verb used for ability expressions. \u2018May\u2019 is a modal verb used for permission expressions.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I can run a mile in 5 minutes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She could jump as high as a deer!<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May I have a quarter?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">May I speak with her?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, you\u2019ll commonly hear English speakers informally use \u2018can\u2019 when asking permission for something. It\u2019s technically incorrect, but it\u2019s the most common form.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mom, can I go to the movies with John?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those are the basics for learning helping verbs (auxiliary verbs) in English. Remember, if you want to learn about the different types of verbs, visit all of the links on this page and in the grammar section of the English Speaking Blog.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">And if you want to practice your English speaking skills with other learners and native English speakers, then you should try <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/speaking.magoosh.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">SpeakUp by Magoosh<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On our platform, you can learn English by having real discussions with real speakers without all of the textbook learning.\u00a0 We use current events and other interesting topics to create discussions that allow you to explore more English concepts that you can on your own.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We use helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs with a main verb to help support and express the mood, tense, or voice of a main verb. In their infinitive forms, the key helping verbs used in English are: to be, to have, and to do. Here are their other forms: To be: am, is, are, was, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":422,"featured_media":3673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Helping Verbs or Auxiliary Verbs<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to use helping verbs, or auxiliary verbs, with a main verb to help support and express the mood, tense, or voice of a main verb.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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