{"id":4224,"date":"2021-03-27T11:15:59","date_gmt":"2021-03-27T18:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/?p=4224"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:53:30","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T23:53:30","slug":"sentence-stress-in-english","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/sentence-stress-in-english\/","title":{"rendered":"Sentence Stress: Different Types of Stress in English"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">English students often learn syllable and word stress rules before venturing into sentence stress. This is because sentence stress rules are far more variable and complex, while the rules for correct intonation in English generally stay the same. To demonstrate the differences, let\u2019s look at a few different examples of stress in English.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Syllable Stress vs. Sentence Stress<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When you learn how to pronounce different vowel and consonant sounds, you must also learn how to stress different parts of a word correctly. Stress is just another way to say \u201cemphasize.\u201d This means that some parts of a word are stronger (and slightly louder) than others. Here are a few examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Away (pronounced: a-<\/span><b>WAY<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Delicious (pronounced: de-<\/span><b>LI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-cious)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anticipate (pronounced: an-<\/span><b>TI<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-ci-PATE)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Communication (pronounced: comm-un-i-<\/span><b>CA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-tion)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Autobiography (pronounced: au-to-bi-<\/span><b>O<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">-gra-phy)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some longer words have a primary stressed syllable and one or more secondary stressed syllables. The primary stressed syllable is always stronger than the secondary stressed syllable, while both are stronger than unstressed syllables. Be sure to check out our guide on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/english-intonation-stressed-and-unstressed-syllables\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">stressed and unstressed syllables<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to learn more about using proper English intonation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sentence stress refers to the words in a sentence that get the most emphasis. While common sayings and phrases usually have unchanging sentence stress rules, you can emphasize different words in a sentence to create new meanings. For example, let\u2019s look at the common saying: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I told you so!<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The most common way to say this phrase is to put the primary stress on \u201ctold\u201d and the secondary stress on \u201cso,\u201d like this:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I <\/span><b><i>TOLD<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> you <\/span><b><i>SO<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, you could also change the implicit meaning of the phrase by emphasizing \u201cI.\u201d By doing this, you will stress the fact that you (the speaker) were the one who told them (the listener) about something.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Which words should you stress in a sentence?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, how can you know which words to stress in a sentence? Again, there are no hard-and-fast sentence stress rules, but there are some general principles that will help you use stress properly when speaking in English. You can often tell which words should be stressed based on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/parts-of-speech-in-english-overview\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">parts of speech<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and where the words fall in a sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Content words (nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and main verbs) are usually stressed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Function words (determiners, prepositions, and conjunctions) are usually unstressed unless you want to emphasize their role(s) in a sentence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Question words (who, what, when, where, why, and how) are usually unstressed unless you want to emphasize their role(s) in a sentence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Subject pronouns (I, You, He, She, We, They) are usually unstressed, while object pronouns (me, you, him, her, us, them) are usually stressed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sentence Stress in a Statement<\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Pronoun<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Main Verb<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Adverb<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Preposition<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Determiner<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Noun<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ran<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">quickly<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">desk.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STRESSED (primary)<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STRESSED (secondary)<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This example denotes the natural <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/toefl\/english-intonation-knowing-when-to-rise-and-fall\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">rise and fall of the sentence<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, as previously stated, you could stress different words to alter the meaning:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>I<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ran quickly to the desk. (emphasizes who is doing the running)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I <\/span><b><i>ran<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> quickly to the desk. (emphasizes what action is being done)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I ran <\/span><b><i>quickly<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the desk. (emphasizes the way in which you ran, but does not fundamentally change the meaning of the sentence)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I ran quickly <\/span><b><i>to<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the desk. (inappropriate sense stress, but emphasizes the direction in which you ran)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I ran quickly to <\/span><b><i>the<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> desk. (inappropriate sense stress, but emphasizes that it was a specific desk)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I ran quickly to the <\/span><b><i>desk<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. (emphasizes the object or location to which you ran)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sentence Stress in a Question<\/span><\/h3>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Pronoun<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Modal Verb<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Main Verb<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Preposition<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Determiner<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Noun<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">will<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">come<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">the<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">party?<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STRESSED (primary)<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">unstressed<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<td><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">STRESSED (secondary)<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like the previous example, the sentence stress here also denotes the natural rise and fall of the word combination. However, you could still ask this question six different ways to convey six slightly different meanings:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Who<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> will come to the party? (you want to know who the party attendees are)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who <\/span><b><i>will<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> come to the party? (you want to know who will definitely be attending the party)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who will <\/span><b><i>come<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the party? (you want to know who will attend the party, but this form does not change the standard meaning of the question)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who will come <\/span><b><i>to<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the party? (inappropriate sense stress, but emphasizes the location of the party)\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who will come to <\/span><b><i>the<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> party? (inappropriate sense stress, but emphasizes which party you\u2019re talking about)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who will come to the <\/span><b><i>party<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">? (you want to emphasize the party, possibly in contrast to a separate event)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Sentence Stress and Intonation in English<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you couldn\u2019t already tell, sentence stress is often linked to the way our voices rise and fall (intonation) while speaking. The natural rise and fall in pitch usually determines which words are stressed and unstressed. This is why the two example sentences above have similar structures. They are both examples of falling intonation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In American English, there are two basic types of intonation: rising intonation and falling intonation. Falling intonation is far more common. When you speak with falling intonation, the pitch of your voice starts high and gets lower by the end of the sentence. More often than not, sentences with falling intonation use stressed verbs and objects. For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I saw a <\/span><b><i>crab<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at the <\/span><b><i>beach<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They <\/span><b><i>never<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> return my <\/span><b><i>calls<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><b><i>Frank<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a <\/span><b><i>responsible<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> person.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">My <\/span><b><i>dad<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doesn\u2019t like to <\/span><b><i>wash<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the <\/span><b><i>dishes<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alternatively, rising intonation occurs when the pitch of your voice starts lower and gets higher at the end of the sentence. This type of intonation is less common, but you can use it when you want to ask a Yes\/No question or when you want to express a negative emotion, like anger. Similarly, the stress often falls on verbs and objects, though this can vary depending on the meaning you want to convey. Here are some examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Are you <\/span><b><i>sure<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do you <\/span><b><i>want<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to go to the <\/span><b><i>park<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You\u2019re so <\/span><b><i>mean<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">!<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I <\/span><b><i>don\u2019t<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> want to <\/span><b><i>talk<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to <\/span><b><i>you<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>What is sense stress?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You might have heard of sense stress, which is very similar to the concept of sentence stress. Sense stress simply refers to the use of stress on different words to convey different meanings. Thus, sense stress is a form of sentence stress. Usually, people refer to appropriate or inappropriate sense stress. Appropriate sense stress sounds natural and correctly conveys the meaning of a sentence. Here are some examples of appropriate sense stress:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">How many <\/span><b><i>HAMBURGERS<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> should we <\/span><b><i>get<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What <\/span><b><i>TIME<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is <\/span><b><i>it<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He <\/span><b><i>ANSWERED<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0the <\/span><b><i>phone<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They did <\/span><b><i>NOT<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> want to <\/span><b><i>go<\/i><\/b> <b><i>swimming<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alternatively, inappropriate sense stress sounds unnatural and conveys strange or incorrect meanings. Here are a few examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Where do you want <\/span><b><i>to<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> eat?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Did you go to <\/span><b><i>the<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> doctor?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I never go to the supermarket <\/span><b><i>by<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> myself.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">She was watching <\/span><b><i>a<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> movie when <\/span><b><i>the<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> guests arrived.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sentence stress is an element of English that can be difficult to grasp, especially for beginner or even intermediate learners. However, with practice, you can use stress to accurately express yourself. With time, you\u2019ll find that sense and sentence stress are some of the best ways to get your point across to other English speakers!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you\u2019d like to hear native English speakers using sentence stress, be sure to subscribe to the Magoosh <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCKwaubtv7Pl6iQqGw97YEgg\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Youtube<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> channel!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>English students often learn syllable and word stress rules before venturing into sentence stress. This is because sentence stress rules are far more variable and complex, while the rules for correct intonation in English generally stay the same. To demonstrate the differences, let\u2019s look at a few different examples of stress in English. Syllable Stress [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":3489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-pronunciation"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Sentence Stress: Different Types of Stress in English<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sentence stress refers to the words in a sentence that get the most emphasis. 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