{"id":4104,"date":"2021-01-29T23:07:30","date_gmt":"2021-01-30T07:07:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/?p=4104"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:53:28","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T23:53:28","slug":"magoosh-english-lesson-dallas-who-shot-j-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/magoosh-english-lesson-dallas-who-shot-j-r\/","title":{"rendered":"Magoosh English Lesson: Dallas: Who shot J.R."},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Welcome to the next lesson in this series of Magoosh\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/free-english-classes-with-magoosh-lesson-index\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">free English classes<\/span><\/a><b>.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Goals:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Learn terms related to the world of television<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Take an in-depth look at the most famous advertising campaigns in TV history<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Grammar review<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b><i>Difficulty Level:\u00a0 <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Advanced<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><i>Time: <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">15 minutes<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Who Shot J.R.?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who shot J.R.?\u201d <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">was arguably the most successful ad campaign for a TV show in the history of television. The catchphrase itself became a global phenomenon in 1980 and is now a part of American pop culture.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The phrase is tied to the TV show <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dallas<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that we learned about in the previous lesson. The show\u2019s third <\/span><b><i>season finale<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ended on a cliffhanger where one of the <\/span><b><i>main characters<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, J.R. Ewing, is shot by someone <\/span><b><i>offscreen<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. As J.R. was a <\/span><b><i>villain<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the show, he had a number of enemies which left viewers to speculate as to who the shooter was. They would have to wait 8 months to find out!\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Behind the scenes, a number of events took place that <\/span><b><i>prolonged<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the revealing of the shooter. The actor who played J.R., Larry Hagman, took advantage of his new fame and negotiated a contract with CBS that paid him <\/span><b><i>$100k<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> per episode plus <\/span><b><i>royalties<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> from merchandise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These negotiations delayed his return to work the next season by two weeks. Plus, the <\/span><b><i>Writers Guild of America<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> went on strike that Summer and delayed the production of all major network tv shows by an additional 8 weeks. And during those 8 months, the question that was on every American\u2019s mind was \u201cWho shot J.R.?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">T-shirts displaying the phrase were printed and sold nationwide. In the 1980 presidential election campaign, Republicans handed out campaign buttons that said \u201cA Democrat shot J.R.\u201d When Larry Hagman went on vacation in the United Kingdom, he was offered \u00a3100,000 to identify the shooter, though he admitted that he nor anyone in the cast knew the identity. International betting companies took bets on which cast member was the shooter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was the most successful cliffhanger ending in television history and popularized the practice on American television. The episode that revealed the shooter, titled \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who Done It?\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> drew in more than 350 millions viewers internationally. It\u2019s said that a session of the Turkish parliament ended early so that legislators could get home for the episode.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The concept of \u201c<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who shot J.R.?<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u201d lived on in television history through <\/span><b><i>spoofs<\/i><\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">by popular shows like <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Simpsons, The Jeffersons, and Saturday Night Live<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and is still remembered in pop culture by an entire generation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Word Focus<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Season Finale <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; The last episode of a TV season.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The season finale of a season typically airs in April or May.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Main Character <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; The center figure of a story. Most decisions and plotlines follow the actions of the main character.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A main character is also known as a protagonist.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Offscreen <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; Anything that happens outside of the view of the viewers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sometimes TV shows use sounds that occur offscreen to create a dramatic effect.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Villain <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; A character whose actions are evil or bad and are a key point to the plot of a story.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A villain is also known as an antagonist.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Prolong <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">verb<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; To lengthen the duration of something. Lengthen time.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The company prolonged the announcement of his retirement until they could find a suitable replacement.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>(Monetary amount) + k <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; Any monetary amount followed by a k means a thousand. $100k = 100,000 dollars<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most TV writers only make around $40k per year.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Royalties <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; Money paid to someone based on each use or sale of an item.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Actors are paid royalties every time they appear on TV.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Writers Guild of America <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; The labor union in America representing TV and film writers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Writers Guild of America or WGA has gone on strike at times to negotiate for better salaries and working conditions for the writers who are members.<\/span><\/i><i><\/i><b><i><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><i>Spoof <\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8211; (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">noun<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">) &#8211; An imitation or exaggeration of something that is done for humor or comedic effect.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mel Brooks made an entire film career off of spoofing famous films.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Grammar Center<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Read the two excerpts from the passage above.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">&#8230;one of the main characters, J.R. Ewing, is shot by someone offscreen.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The actor who played J.R., Larry Hagman, took advantage of his new fame\u2026<\/span><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In both sentences, the writer uses commas to point out (give emphasis to) the name of the person being described. It\u2019s important to know how to punctuate names, titles, and phrases in writing, so we\u2019re going to review <\/span><b><i>the correct way to use commas with interrupters.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">An interrupter is something like a thought, clarification or explanation that comes up in a sentence. Sometimes a writer (or you) will want to add some extra information. In this instance, we use <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quickanddirtytips.com\/education\/grammar\/dashes-parentheses-and-commas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">commas, parentheses, or dashes <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">to separate the interruption from the rest of the sentence. For this lesson, we\u2019ll focus only on commas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When using an interrupter, always set it off from the rest of the sentence with two commas. The sentence should always still be grammatically correct and make sense even without the interrupter. Take a look at the sentence from the passage without the interrupter:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The actor who played J.R. took advantage of his new fame and negotiated a contract with CBS that paid him $100k per episode plus royalties from merchandise.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now look at these other sentences with interrupters for comparison:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tom sadly was never able to see his son. <\/span><\/i><b><i>Incorrect<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tom, sadly, was never able to see his son. <\/span><\/i><b><i>Correct<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><br \/>\n<i><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The weather I was disappointed to see was getting stormy. <\/span><\/i><b><i>Incorrect<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The weather, I was disappointed to see, was getting stormy. <\/span><\/i><b><i>Correct<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><\/i><br \/>\n<i><\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our neighbors the Johnsons were never home on Sunday evenings. <\/span><\/i><b><i>Incorrect<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our neighbors, the Johnsons, were never home on Sunday evenings. <\/span><\/i><b><i>Correct<\/i><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The key thing to remember about using commas as an interrupter is that the information provided should be used for things like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/appositive\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">appositives<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or subtle clarifications. If you want to add a lot of extra information on a subject or add something that would divert attention from the sentence, put it in parentheses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Quiz<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. Which word would best describe the writer\u2019s opinion of the \u201cWho shot J.R.\u201d ad campaign?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A. Impressed<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B. Indifferent<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C. Uninvolved<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D. Enlightening<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. What was the title of the episode that revealed J.R.\u2019s shooter?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A. A Democrat Shot J.R.<\/span><\/i><br \/>\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B. I shot J.R.<\/span><\/i><br \/>\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C. Who Done It?<\/span><\/i><br \/>\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D. Someone Shot Him<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Which word is the <i>best<\/i> example of a synonym for <i>prolong<\/i>?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A. Expedite<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B. Drag out<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C. Advance<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D. Abbreviate<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Generally, a <i>royalty<\/i> is paid to a TV actor every time an episode they acted in appears on TV.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A. True<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B. False<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Which of the following sentences correctly punctuates an interrupter phrase?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A. Joe happily was now aware that he would never have to work again.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B. The weather as she noted was getting hotter every year.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C. Simon, our neighbor, was never seen again.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D. Erica our daughter is a stewardess for a major airline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Commas should be used when adding subtle information that doesn\u2019t distract from the sentence as a whole.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A. True<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B. False<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Answers:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">B<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to the next lesson in this series of Magoosh\u2019s free English classes.\u00a0 Goals: Learn terms related to the world of television Take an in-depth look at the most famous advertising campaigns in TV history Grammar review Difficulty Level:\u00a0 Advanced Time: Approximately 15 minutes &nbsp; Who Shot J.R.? \u201cWho shot J.R.?\u201d was arguably the most [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":422,"featured_media":4143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Magoosh English Lesson: Dallas: Who shot J.R.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn English with our 11-lesson series on American Television. 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