{"id":4005,"date":"2020-11-18T11:50:48","date_gmt":"2020-11-18T19:50:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/?p=4005"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:53:32","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T23:53:32","slug":"what-is-an-oxford-comma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is an Oxford Comma (or Serial Comma) Anyway?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4005-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Introduction.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Introduction.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Introduction.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Much like the em dash, the Oxford (or serial) comma is one of the most <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.grammarly.com\/blog\/oxford-comma-debate\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">contested<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> punctuation marks within the grammar world. Every year, you can find articles <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theamericangenius.com\/editorials\/the-case-oxford-comma\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">arguing for<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dailycal.org\/2020\/02\/28\/the-case-against-the-oxford-comma\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">against<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> one of the most basic comma rules in English.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some people love it. Some people hate it. And many average, everyday writers don\u2019t even know what it is. But does a comma before and, or, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">or<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but even matter? And is it important for you to know as an ESL student?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A group of dairy delivery drivers in Maine would argue that it does! They received a $5 million dollar court settlement because a document left out an oxford comma in what we now know as the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2018\/02\/09\/us\/dairy-drivers-oxford-comma-case-settlement-trnd\/index.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">oxford comma court case<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We\u2019re not saying you\u2019ll get a million dollars because of the information in this article, but who knows? Either way, for our ESL students, we will answer the question: what is the Oxford comma and why is it so important?<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400\">And we\u2019ll show you how and when to use it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe title=\"Oxford Comma | Everything You Need to Know | English Lesson\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZXPpoQr0Nbw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is an Oxford Comma?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4005-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-What-is-an-Oxford-Comma.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-What-is-an-Oxford-Comma.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-What-is-an-Oxford-Comma.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Look at this sentence from the introduction:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But does a comma before and, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">or<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, or but even matter?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The comma that comes before the second <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">or<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the sentence is an Oxford comma. It is a comma that separates the last item in a list of things.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Other Oxford Comma Examples:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">France, Britain, and Germany were the key countries backing the proposal.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">I\u2019m not sure if I should bring my red, black, or brown shoes on the trip.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kelly said we\u2019re having Mexican, Italian, or Chinese food this evening.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was named<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> after its required usage by the Oxford Style Manual, and that\u2019s important to note because <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">style<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is the word that serves as the main argument with this punctuation. Its use completely depends on the writer or editor\u2019s chosen style.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some style guidelines, like the AP (Associated Press), The New York Times, and The Economist oppose its usage. Whereas, other guides like the MLA Style Manual, Chicago Style Guide, and the AMA (American Medical Association) support mandatory usage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Whether<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> you should use it is up to you, unless an editor or professor says otherwise. However, in the next section we\u2019ll explore why some people argue for and against its use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4006 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Magoosh_Oxford_Comma_2.png\" alt=\"Illustration showing the difference between the sentences &quot;I'm going on vacation with my two best friends, Oprah, and Billie Eilish&quot;, and &quot;I'm going on vacation with my two best friends, Oprah and Billie Eilish&quot;\" width=\"512\" height=\"320\" srcset=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Magoosh_Oxford_Comma_2.png 512w, https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Magoosh_Oxford_Comma_2-300x188.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Is A Comma Before \u2018And\u2019 Necessary?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4005-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Is-a-comma-before-and-necessary.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Is-a-comma-before-and-necessary.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Is-a-comma-before-and-necessary.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using and not using an Oxford comma can cause some confusion for readers which is why using one is so <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">hotly <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">contested by different grammar style schools. So let\u2019s break down some of the confusion so you can decide for yourself.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We\u2019ll start with an example that doesn\u2019t use the comma:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We\u2019re going on vacation with my two best friends, LeBron James and Billie Eilish.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Without the comma, we can interpret the sentence as saying that you\u2019re going on vacation with your two best friends, and that your two best friends are Lebron James and Billie Eilish.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now let\u2019s look at the same sentence with the comma:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We\u2019re going on vacation with my two best friends, LeBron James, and Billie Eilish.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This version of the sentence shows that you\u2019re going on vacation with your two best friends (who are unnamed in the sentence), the basketball player LeBron James, and the singer Billie Eilish.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those who are for the Oxford comma would argue that the comma is necessary to help clear any confusion about who is going on vacation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those who oppose the comma argue that <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">simply <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">rephrasing an already confusing sentence would solve the issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">We\u2019re going on vacation with LeBron James, Billie Eilish and my two best friends.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Those opposed to the comma also argue that it can sometimes create confusion. How would you interpret the next example?<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">He would like to dedicate the landmark to his father, John Clark, and Mark Summers.<\/span><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some argue that the sentence is confusing because the commas around John Clark could represent an <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/appositive-phrases-what-are-they-and-how-are-they-used\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">appositive phrase<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meaning John Clark is interpreted<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> as being the father of the person dedicating the landmark.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The arguments for and against the comma\u2019s usage all revolve around ambiguity (open to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">more than<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> one interpretation).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4005-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Conclusion.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Conclusion.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford-Comma-Conclusion.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Oxford comma is both loved and hated and embraced and discarded by those in the world of writing. Some say it helps a reader resolve ambiguity in interpreting sentences, while others say it isn\u2019t necessary and can create confusion in certain situations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For texts written for class or other publications, check with your editor or professor to see what is the preferred style.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In your own writing, it will be up to you to decide which style you want to use. There are no set rules. However, the most important thing to remember as an ESL student is to stick with the style you choose throughout your text.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">What are your thoughts on using the Oxford comma? Leave a comment below and let us know!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">And if you\u2019re interested in learning other English grammar topics and speaking with other learners like yourself, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/speaking.magoosh.com\/pricing\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">our starter\u2019s offer<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> includes interactive exercises along with unlimited automatic feedback.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With that, you have access to our Magoosh English Speaking Slack Group where you can get peer feedback from advanced students and discuss grammar topics like the Oxford comma. It\u2019s a great way to take your English learning to the next level!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As always for all things English grammar, pronunciation, and job related, visit the Magoosh Speaking Blog!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Click below to listen to a recording of this passage. &nbsp; Much like the em dash, the Oxford (or serial) comma is one of the most contested punctuation marks within the grammar world. Every year, you can find articles arguing for and against one of the most basic comma rules in English.\u00a0 Some people [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":422,"featured_media":4008,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is an Oxford Comma (or Serial Comma) Anyway? - SpeakUp resources<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Much like the em dash, the Oxford (or serial) comma is one of the most contested punctuation marks within the grammar world.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is an Oxford Comma (or Serial Comma) Anyway?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Much like the em dash, the Oxford (or serial) comma is one of the most contested punctuation marks within the grammar world.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SpeakUp resources\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jakepoolwritereditor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-18T19:50:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-04-07T23:53:32+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/Oxford_Comma_Magoosh.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Jake Pool\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Jake Pool\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Jake Pool\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/#\/schema\/person\/8afe13acad199c64b08574a210a41147\"},\"headline\":\"What Is an Oxford Comma (or Serial Comma) Anyway?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-11-18T19:50:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-07T23:53:32+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/\"},\"wordCount\":1015,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"English Grammar\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/what-is-an-oxford-comma\/\",\"name\":\"What Is an Oxford Comma (or Serial Comma) Anyway? 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