{"id":2539,"date":"2020-08-19T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-19T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/local.events.com\/appositive-phrases-what-are-they-and-how-are-they-used\/"},"modified":"2021-04-07T16:53:22","modified_gmt":"2021-04-07T23:53:22","slug":"appositive-phrases-what-are-they-and-how-are-they-used","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/appositive-phrases-what-are-they-and-how-are-they-used\/","title":{"rendered":"Appositive Phrases: What Are They and How Are They Used?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"blog-content\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"wsite-image wsite-image-border-none\" style=\"padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;text-align: center\">\n<div style=\"font-size: 90%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"999355121701469580\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<p>We use appositive phrases in formal, business, and legal writing to describe or clarify a sentence. They\u2019re very useful and provide essential information sometimes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><!--BLOG_SUMMARY_END--><\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"490346147511597512\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wsite-html5audio\" title=\"Audio: appositive_phrases_-_introduction.mp3\">\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2539-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"height: auto;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_introduction.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_introduction.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_introduction.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"186003289436182183\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<p>So, how do you use appositives anyway? Let\u2019s dive in to find out!<\/p>\n<p>(Prefer to watch this lesson on video? Here\u2019s our full length tutorial on <strong>\u201cAppositive Phrases\u201d):<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u2018Appositive Phrases in English\u2019:<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wsite-youtube\" style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;margin-top: 10px\">\n<div class=\"wsite-youtube-wrapper wsite-youtube-size-auto wsite-youtube-align-center\">\n<div class=\"wsite-youtube-container\"><iframe src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yBAtCyyAfxU?wmode=opaque\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"853085814150324280\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<h2>What Are Appositive Phrases?<\/h2>\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wsite-html5audio\" title=\"Audio: appositive_phrases_-_what_are_appositive_phrases.mp3\">\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2539-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"height: auto;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_what_are_appositive_phrases.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_what_are_appositive_phrases.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_what_are_appositive_phrases.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"114587758588371958\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<p>To start, let\u2019s recall some vocabulary.<\/p>\n<p>As an intermediate to advanced speaker, you know what it means when something is in <strong><em>opposition<\/em><\/strong> to something else.<\/p>\n<p><em>Exact definition<\/em>: to be in contrast or in conflict with something (<em>opposite<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>But do you know what it means to be in <strong><em>apposition<\/em><\/strong>?<\/p>\n<p>Apposition means to be close or side-by-side with something. And, in grammar, it\u2019s the term we use to describe <strong><em>a phrase that clarifies or provides further information about a noun within a sentence.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Note:<\/em><\/strong> The word <em>appose<\/em> is rarely (if ever) used outside these contexts: historical discussion, science, or grammar. It\u2019s an old word that speakers phased out over time. The closest term still used is <em>juxtapose<\/em> which means <em>to put something close together for comparison<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>A<em>ppositive Examples<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Catherine Purser, a partner at Smith, Rogers, &amp; Purser, is an experienced trial attorney.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This sentence says <em>Catherine Purser is an experienced trial attorney<\/em>. <em>A partner at Smith, Rogers, &amp; Purser<\/em> is an appositive phrase that provides additional information about Catherine Purser.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The central processing plant, our headquarters, is located in Hartford, Connecticut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>We can use an appositive with any noun, including complex and non-proper nouns. This sentence describes the location of a processing plant. <em>Our headquarters<\/em> is an appositive that further describes and identifies the plant.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>My longtime co-worker and friend, Juan Carlos, was also my best man at our wedding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>My longtime co-worker and friend was also my best man at our wedding<\/em> is correct on its own. Naming Juan Carlos is supplemental information and an appositive.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>My friend John is a doctor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this sentence, John is the appositive. But do you notice a difference?<\/p>\n<p>The appositive isn\u2019t separated with commas. That\u2019s because John is essential information in the context of the sentence.<\/p>\n<p>Punctuation with appositives can be tricky if you don\u2019t know the rules, so let\u2019s explore that further.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"939679940169777663\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<h2>Appositive Punctuation<\/h2>\n<p><em>Click below to listen to a recording of this passage.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wsite-html5audio\" title=\"Audio: appositive_phrases_-_appositive_punctucation_and_conclusion.mp3\">\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-2539-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"height: auto;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_appositive_punctucation_and_conclusion.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_appositive_punctucation_and_conclusion.mp3\">https:\/\/magoosh.com\/english-speaking\/files\/legacy\/appositive_phrases_-_appositive_punctucation_and_conclusion.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"443202512600708041\" class=\"wcustomhtml\" style=\"width: 100%\" align=\"left\">\n<p>There are two types of appositive phrases: <em>essential and nonessential.<\/em> The type of appositive phrase will determine whether to use a comma or not.<\/p>\n<p>Nonessential appositive phrases are not necessary for a sentence to be grammatically and contextually correct. They add supplemental information or rename a noun for effect. Always separate them with a comma.<\/p>\n<p>If the phrase comes at the end of a sentence, precede it with a comma.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Nonessential Appositive Examples<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Known as a famous Roman historian, Livy was born in Patavium in 59 BC.\n<ul>\n<li>Livy, a famous roman historian, was born in Patavium in 59 BC.\n<ul>\n<li>But most of the accounts were recorded by Livy, a famous Roman historian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Notice how the comma separates the appositive in each sentence no matter the position of the phrase.<\/p>\n<p>Though not as common, you may also see other forms of punctuation, like an em dash or parentheses, used to separate a nonessential appositive phrase. As in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>But most of the accounts were recorded by Livy\u2014a famous Roman historian.\n<ul>\n<li>But most of the accounts were recorded by Livy (a famous Roman historian).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Both forms are correct.<\/p>\n<h3><strong><em>Essential Appositive Examples<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>To understand <em>essential appositive phrases<\/em> let\u2019s start with a base example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The international businessman Bill Gates is also known for his philanthropy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The sentence &#8220;<em>The international businessman is also known for his philanthropy.&#8221; <\/em>is grammatically correct on its own. But remember that correct grammar is not a test for separating an appositive phrase with a comma.<\/p>\n<p>There are thousands of international business people in the world. And a large number of them are known for their <em>philanthropy<\/em> (<em>promotion of good welfare of others and charity<\/em>). Therefore, Bill Gates is essential in context and does not require a comma.<\/p>\n<p>Notice if you switch the order of the sentence, some of the information becomes <em>nonessential. <\/em>Therefore, you would separate it with a comma.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bill Gates, the international businessman, is also known for his philanthropy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Lastly, you can create an appositive sentence using <em>essential appositive phrases<\/em> as in this example.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bill Gates the charitable philanthropist is a different person from Bill Gates the international businessman.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Without the appositive phrases, this sentence reads, \u201c<em>Bill Gates is a different person from Bill Gates<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, both appositive phrases are <em>essential<\/em> and require no commas. We wouldn\u2019t understand the two qualities of the same person without the appositives.<\/p>\n<p>Here are a few more examples of <em>essential appositive phrases<\/em>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>My friend Ryan knows a good doctor in Milan.<\/li>\n<li>My co-worker Gary owes me $20 from our lunch last week.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Both examples require a name for context because the speaker has many friends and co-workers. It&#8217;s necessary to identify which one knows a good doctor and owes him\/her $20.<\/p>\n<p>By recognizing the two types of appositives, you should have a clear understanding of how to use them in your writing. Remember, <strong><em>essential appositives do not require punctuation and nonessential appositive phrases do.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>With these examples, you can confidently use them in your own writing. If you need a reference, please bookmark this page. And if you have any thoughts on the subject, leave a comment below!<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Appositive phrases clarify and underlynig point in written English. Here, we discuss apositives and how to use them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":422,"featured_media":3600,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-grammar"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v21.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Appositive Phrases: What Are They and How Are They Used?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Appositive phrases clarify and underlynig point in written English. 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